基于地形起伏度的临沧市人居环境地形适宜性分析

Analysis of Terrain Suitability of Living Environment in Lincang City Based on Terrain Fluctuation

摘要: 随着社会和经济的不断发展，人们对生活环境越来越重视，而人居环境是人类生存与发展的基础，并从根本上制约着区域人口的集聚水平和分布格局。本文选取地形起伏度对临沧市人居环境地形适宜性进行分析。利用ArcGIS 10.2软件，通过均值变点分析法，确定最佳分析窗口大小为0.2025 km²，在此基础上计算地形起伏度，对各乡镇地形起伏度进行区域内部差异分析。运用SPSS软件，对各乡镇的平均人口密度与地形起伏度进行了相关分析和回归分析，相关分析中R²为−0.505，发现二者之间存在显著负相关关系，回归分析中符合逆曲线模型，其R²为0.859。根据地形起伏度将人居环境地形适宜性分为5个级别，高度适宜区地形起伏度值 < 1.5，占比达41.19%；中度适宜区地形起伏度值位于1.5~2.0，占比达36.34%；低度适宜区地形起伏度值位于2.0~2.5，占比达19.28%；临界适宜区地形起伏度值位于2.5~3.0，占比达3.03%；不适宜区地形起伏度值 ≥ 3.0，占比达0.16%。经分析得出临沧市人口主要分布在相对平坦的坝区。本研究能够为临沧市人口合理布局和社会经济发展提供借鉴。

Abstract: With the continuous development of society and economy, people are paying more and more attention to the living environment. The living environment is the foundation of human survival and development, and fundamentally restricts the concentration level and distribution pattern of regional population. This article selects terrain undulation to analyze the terrain suitability of the living environment in Lincang City. Using ArcGIS 10.2 software and the mean change point analysis method, the optimal analysis window size was determined to be 0.2025 km². Based on this, terrain undulation was calculated, and regional differences in terrain undulation were analyzed for each township. Using SPSS software, correlation and regression analysis were conducted on the average population density and terrain undulation of each township. The R² value in the correlation analysis was −0.505, and a significant negative correlation was found between the two. The regression analysis followed the inverse curve model, with an R² value of 0.859. According to the terrain undulation, the suitability of living environment terrain is divided into 5 levels. The terrain undulation value of the height suitable area is less than 1.5, accounting for 41.19%; The terrain undulation value in the moderately suitable area is between 1.5 and 2.0, accounting for 36.34%; The terrain undulation value in the low degree suitable area is between 2.0 and 2.5, accounting for 19.28%; The terrain undulation value of the critical suitable area is between 2.5 and 3.0, accounting for 3.03%; The terrain undulation value in the unsuitable area is ≥ 3.0, accounting for 0.16%. Analysis shows that the population of Lincang City is mainly distributed in relatively flat dam areas. This study can provide reference for the rational population layout and socio-economic development of Lincang City.