新生儿高胆红素血症治疗进展

Progress in Treatment of Neonatal Jaundice

摘要: 新生儿高胆红素血症是新生儿期常见疾病之一，是因胆红素升高，在体内聚集，引起皮肤、巩膜、黏膜等黄染，多达85%的足月新生儿及80%的早产儿会出现黄疸；适度的胆红素水平有一定的抗氧化作用，但过高的胆红素可能会导致胆红素脑病的发生，造成神经系统永久性损害，产生后遗症，甚至死亡，对患儿的身体健康造成严重危害，不利于患儿的预后及未来的成长。在临床诊疗过程中，对患儿采取安全有效的早期干预措施，降低胆红素水平，能有效的减少胆红素脑病的发生风险。目前新生儿高胆红素血症治疗方法较多，本研究将从光照疗法、药物疗法、换血疗法、中医药疗法等角度探究新生儿高胆红素血症的治疗进展，旨在为新生儿高胆红素血症的治疗提供安全、有效的治疗依据。

Abstract: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is one of the common diseases in the neonatal period. It is caused by the increase of bilirubin and its accumulation in the body, which causes yellowing of the skin, sclera, mucous membranes, etc. Up to 85% of full-term infants and 80% of preterm infants will experience jaundice. Moderate bilirubin levels have certain antioxidant effects, but excessively high bilirubin levels may cause bilirubin encephalopathy, resulting in permanent damage to the nervous system, sequelae, or even death. This poses a serious threat to the physical health of the patients and is not conducive to their prognosis and future growth. In clinical practice, taking safe and effective early intervention measures to reduce bilirubin levels in patient can effectively reduce the risk of bilirubin encephalopathy. There are various treatment methods for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia at present. This study will explore the progress of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia treatment from the perspectives of phototherapy, drug therapy, blood exchange transfusion therapy, traditional Chinese medicine therapy, etc. The aim is to provide a safe and effective basis for the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.