土壤中残留除草剂对草莓的药害作用及缓解方法研究

Research on the Harmful Effects and Mitigation Methods of Residual Herbicides in Soil on Strawberries

摘要: 为明确土壤中残留除草剂对草莓药害作用的影响，探究稻田常用集中除草剂产生药害机制，筛选有效的草莓除草剂药害缓解药剂和使用剂量。本研究以丹东99品种草莓苗为试材，设置一系列不同浓度梯度的除草剂和未经除草剂处理的草莓苗对照，并对不同除草剂浓度处理土壤组别的草莓苗进行观察，定期记录草莓要害部位的生长状况。结果表明：1) 除草剂(草铵膦和丁草胺)对根系有明显抑制(相比对照组)；2) 除草剂(草铵膦和丁草胺)高浓度抑制作用强于低浓度；3) 芸苔素对除草剂(草铵膦和丁草胺)对于草莓根系的影响具有缓解作用。因此，合理选择除草剂种类，合理确定除草剂施用剂量以及筛选有效的草莓除草剂药害缓解药剂和使用剂量等措施以改善当前除草剂药害问题，尽最大可能避免草莓遭受药害，提高草莓种植产量。

Abstract: In order to clarify the impact of residual herbicides in soil on the pesticide damage of strawberries, explore the mechanism of pesticide damage caused by commonly used concentrated herbicides in rice fields, screen for effective strawberry herbicide damage relief agents and their dosage, this study used strawberry seedlings of Dandong 99 variety as experimental materials, and set up a series of different concentration gradients of herbicides and untreated strawberry seedlings as controls. Strawberry seedlings of different soil groups treated with herbicides were observed, and the growth status of key parts of strawberries was regularly recorded. The results showed that 1) Herbicides (glyphosate and butachlor) had a significant inhibitory effect on the root system (compared to the control group); 2) Herbicides (glyphosate and butachlor) have a stronger inhibitory effect at high concentrations than at low concentrations; 3) Brassica has a mitigating effect on the effects of herbicides (glyphosate and butachlor) on strawberry roots. Therefore, reasonable selection of herbicide types, reasonable determination of herbicide application dosage, and screening of effective strawberry herbicide damage mitigation agents and dosage measures are necessary to improve the current problem of herbicide damage, avoid strawberry damage as much as possible, and increase strawberry planting yield.