一种适用于水文雨量站降水的质量控制方法

A Quality Control Method Applicable to Precipitation at Hydrological Rainfall Stations

摘要: 利用安徽省2018~2021年1446个水文站小时降水资料，结合站点初筛、数据预处理、界限值检查、时间一致性检查和空间一致性检查等技术，对该站点资料的质量控制方法进行研制。通过与气象站的小时降水资料对比评估，证明该方法在实际监测中的可靠性和有效性。结果显示，经过质控后，水文站和区域站的数据保留率分别为97.05%和97.89%，表明大部分数据具有较高的可用性和可靠性。同时，水文站小时降水资料的质控通过率在不同地形高度和不同季节条件下保持较高水平。其中在重点关注的汛期，水文站和区域站的月降水量变化趋势一致。国家站与临近水文站的降水数据显示出高度一致性，相关系数的最低超过0.70，质控后超过三分之二的站点相关性升高。在2021年7月的强降水事件中，水文站与区域站日降水量空间分布中展现出强降水中心范围和降水量值大值相同。综上所述，为安徽省水文站降水资料所研制的质量控制方法具有适用性和有效性。该方法不仅能够显著提高降水数据的准确性和可靠性，还能够为防汛减灾、水资源管理等工作提供有力的数据支持。对于提高降水预报的准确性和灾害预警能力具有重要意义。

Abstract: Using hourly precipitation data from 1446 hydrological stations in Anhui Province from 2018 - 2021, the quality control method for the data from the stations was developed by combining the techniques of initial screening of the stations, data preprocessing, checking of bounding values, checking of temporal consistency and checking of spatial consistency. The reliability and effectiveness of the method in practical monitoring are demonstrated through comparative assessment with hourly precipitation data from meteorological stations. The results show that, after the quality control, the data retention rates of the hydrological station and the regional station are 97.05 percent and 97.89 percent, respectively, indicating that most of the data have high availability and reliability. Meanwhile, the QC pass rate of hourly precipitation data at hydrological stations remained high under different terrain heights and seasonal conditions. Among them, the trends of monthly precipitation at hydrological stations and regional stations are consistent during the flood season of focus. Precipitation data from national stations and nearby hydrological stations show a high degree of consistency, with the lowest correlation coefficient exceeding 0.70, and more than two-thirds of the stations showing elevated correlations after QC. During the heavy precipitation event in July 2021, the spatial distribution of daily precipitation between the hydrological stations and the regional stations shows the same range of heavy precipitation centers and large values of precipitation. In summary, the quality control method developed for the precipitation data from the hydrological stations in Anhui Province is applicable and effective. The method can not only significantly improve the accuracy and reliability of precipitation data, but also provide strong data support for flood control and disaster reduction, water resource management and other work. It is of great significance to improve the accuracy of precipitation forecasting and disaster warning capability.