黄土丘陵沟壑区煤炭井下开采对生态影响及修复

Ecological Impact and Restoration of Underground Coal Mining in Loess Hilly and Gully Region

摘要: 随着我国现代化经济建设的快速发展，在未来长时间之内，煤炭的开发规模会逐渐扩大，能源主体地位不会改变。煤炭的开采会促进社会经济、区域发展的同时，也对区域生态环境造成严重的破坏。井工煤炭开采引起的地面沉降是地质和环境问题的主要原因，给煤矿区及矿区周边带来了地质灾害、生态环境破坏、生物多样性减少、地下水位下降、水土流失增加等一系列问题。本文以准格尔旗为例，开展了煤炭矿集区采空塌陷调查，查明了全旗采煤塌陷区的特征，分析了黄土丘陵沟壑区井下开采扰动对生态的影响及恢复机理，并提出黄土高原丘陵沟壑区地面塌陷修复方法建议。

Abstract: Along with the rapid development of China’s modern economic construction, in the future for a long time, the scale of coal development will gradually expand, the main position of energy will not change. Coal mining will not only promote social economy and regional development, but also cause serious damage to regional ecological environment. The ground subsidence caused by coal mining is the main cause of geological and environmental problems. It brings a series of problems such as geological disasters, ecological environment destruction, biodiversity reduction, groundwater level decrease, soil erosion increase, etc. Taking Junge Banner as an example, this paper investigates the subsidence of mining gob in coal mining areas, identifies the characteristics of coal mining subsidence areas in the whole banner, analyzes the influence of underground mining disturbance on ecology and restoration mechanism in loess hilly and gully region, and puts forward suggestions on the restoration methods of ground subsidence in loess Plateau hilly and gully region.