位置特异性比例一致效应跨空间位置迁移的空间特异性

The Spatial Specificity of Location-Specific Proportion Compatibility Transfer across Spatial Locations

摘要: 位置特异性比例一致(Location-Specific Proportion Compatibility, LSPC)效应是探究认知控制迁移性的重要指标之一，是指在不同位置上操纵冲突的一致和不一致试次的比例，发现更多一致试次(mostly congruent, MC)位置上的冲突效应量比更多不一致试次(mostly incongruent, MI)位置更大的现象。进一步研究发现LSPC效应可产生跨空间位置的迁移，即当等比呈现一致和不一致试次时，临近MC位置(near MC, NMC)的冲突效应量依然大于临近MI (near MI, NMI)位置。先前研究提出LSPC效应能否产生跨空间位置迁移的前提是构建冲突的刺激材料必须具备外显空间信息(如箭头、方向词)，即LSPC效应跨空间位置的迁移具有空间特异性。本文结合LSPC效应的主要两种理论解释：注意调节假说和可能性学习假说，分别对LSPC效应、LSPC效应的迁移及其空间特异性进行详细阐述。

Abstract: The Location-Specific Proportion Compatibility (LSPC) effect is a key measure in investigating the transferability of cognitive control. It describes the phenomenon where manipulating the proportion of congruent and incongruent trials across different spatial locations results in larger conflict effects at locations with predominantly congruent (MC) trials compared to those with predominantly incongruent (MI) trials. Subsequent research has demonstrated that the LSPC effect can transfer across spatial locations; specifically, even when congruent and incongruent trials are presented in equal proportions, the conflict effect remains larger near MC locations (near MC, NMC) than near MI locations (near MI, NMI). Prior studies have posited that the transfer of the LSPC effect across spatial locations is contingent upon the use of stimuli with explicit spatial information (e.g., arrows or directional words), suggesting that this transfer is spatially specific. This paper synthesizes the two predominant theoretical explanations of the LSPC effect—the attention adjustment hypothesis and the contingency learning hypothesis—to provide a comprehensive examination of the LSPC effect, its transfer, and its spatial specificity.