贵州省2011~2023年山火时空分布及气象条件影响分析
Spatiotemporal Distribution and Meteorological Influence Analysis of Forest Fires in Guizhou Province from 2011 to 2023
DOI: 10.12677/ccrl.2024.135129, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 王 瑶, 向 楠：贵州省山地气象科学研究所，贵州 贵阳；罗雪纯*：昆明市气象局，云南 昆明；皮义均：贵州省丹寨县气象局，贵州 丹寨；王健颖：贵州省气象台，贵州 贵阳
关键词: 贵州；MODIS；山火；气象要素；时空分布；Guizhou； MODIS； Forest Fire； Meteorological Elements； Spatiotemporal Distribution
摘要: 基于MODIS火点资料和区域站气象数据对2011~2023年贵州省山火特征分析及气象因子的影响分析。结果表明：在2011年至2023年期间，MODIS监测到的贵州山火总数为20,866个，其中，山火数量在2013年、2014年、2015年和2023年均超过2000个，尤其是2023年达到2542个，为最高点。从空间分布来看，主要集中在黔西南、黔南和安顺市，火点数量分别为4982个、4399个和2572个。贵州省山火在春季高发，特别是2月、3月和4月，占比达61%，与春季气候干燥、风力大、农业和林业活动密切相关。夏季和秋季山火数量较少，冬季有所回升。山火数量在不同地区、不同月份之间表现出显著的差异，贵阳、遵义、铜仁在2、3、8月时易发生山火，六盘水、安顺、黔东南、黔南、黔西南在2、3、4月时易发生山火，而毕节在1、2、3月易发生山火。黔西南、六盘水及安顺市区域相较于其他地区，呈现出更高的火点温度与更低的相对湿度特征，火点温度主要集中在15℃至22℃的范围内，55%至75%的相对湿度区间为火点分布的高峰范围。
Abstract: Analysis of Forest Fire Characteristics and Meteorological Factors in Guizhou Province from 2011 to 2023 Based on MODIS Fire Data and Regional Meteorological Data. The results show that from 2011 to 2023, a total of 20,866 forest fires were detected by MODIS in Guizhou. Notably, the number of fires exceeded 2000 in 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2023, with the highest count of 2542 occurring in 2023. Spatially, the fires were primarily concentrated in the prefectures of Qianxinan, Qiannan, and Anshun, with 4982, 4399, and 2572 fires, respectively. Forest fires in Guizhou were most frequent in spring, particularly in February, March, and April, accounting for 61% of the total. This high incidence is closely related to the dry climate, strong winds, and intensive agricultural and forestry activities during spring. In contrast, the number of fires in summer and autumn was lower, with a slight increase in winter. The distribution of forest fires varied significantly across different regions and months. Fires were more likely to occur in Guiyang, Zunyi, and Tongren in February, March, and August; in Liupanshui, Anshun, Qiandongnan, Qiannan, and Qianxinan in February, March, and April; and in Bijie in January, February, and March. Compared to other regions, Qiannan, Liupanshui, and Anshun areas exhibit higher ignition temperature and lower relative humidity. The ignition temperature is mainly concentrated in the range of 15°C to 22°C, and the peak range of ignition distribution is between 55% and 75% relative humidity.
文章引用：王瑶, 罗雪纯, 向楠, 皮义均, 王健颖. 贵州省2011~2023年山火时空分布及气象条件影响分析[J]. 气候变化研究快报, 2024, 13(5): 1138-1146. https://doi.org/10.12677/ccrl.2024.135129

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