橡胶减振元件在循环载荷下的力学性能研究

Study on Mechanical Properties of Rubber Damping Element under Cyclic Load

摘要: 车辆在运行时经常处于动态工作环境，由于受循环载荷影响，会产生热量，影响其力学性能，故本文以轨道车辆悬架系统的减振为研究背景，选用具有超弹性特性的炭黑天然橡胶材料作为减振材料，并对其力学性能进行有限元仿真研究。首先，通过分析不同橡胶材料的力学特性，并结合实际应用工况，确定橡胶减振元件中橡胶的类型。根据选定类型橡胶材料的应力–应变实验测试关系，采用Ansys软件对其本构模型进行非线性拟合，通过残差分析确定橡胶的最佳本构模型及相应的模型参数。然后，采用Ansys软件对橡胶减振材料施加循环压缩载荷，研究橡胶减振材料压缩性能随振幅、频率和温度的影响。通过分析橡胶材料在不同激励和温度下的迟滞回线，计算橡胶元件在不同振幅、频率和温度下的刚度，获得其刚度随振幅、频率和温度的变化规律。

Abstract: Vehicles are often in a dynamic working environment during operation. Due to the influence of cyclic load, heat will be generated and its mechanical properties will be affected. Therefore, this paper takes the vibration damping of rail vehicle suspension system as the research background, and selects carbon black natural rubber material with super elastic characteristics as the vibration damping material. And the finite element simulation of its mechanical properties is carried out. Firstly, according to the analysis of the mechanical properties of different rubber materials, combined with the actual application conditions, the rubber type of rubber damping element is determined. According to the experimental stress-strain relationship of selected rubber materials, the constitutive model was nonlinear fitted by Ansys software, and the optimal constitutive model and the corresponding model parameters were determined by residual analysis. Then, the cyclic compression load was applied to the rubber damping material by Ansys software to study the influence of the compression properties of the rubber damping material with amplitude, frequency and temperature. By analyzing the hysteresis loops of rubber materials under different excitation and temperature, the stiffness of rubber components under different amplitude, frequency and temperature was calculated, and the stiffness changes with amplitude, frequency and temperature were obtained.