浅析建设工程监理业务部分转让及分包行为

Analysis of the Legality of Subcontracting and Sub-Contracting of Construction Supervision Business

摘要: 对于能否将监理业务交由第三人承担，我国《建筑法》第三十四条的用词为不得“转让”，但在水运、公路等领域，以及法院判决中则常使用建设工程勘察、设计、施工领域常用的不得“转包”或“分包”表述，导致监理是否允许分包，成为了实务工作中的争议点所在。《民法典》明确监理合同为委托合同，适用委托合同的相关法律规定，《民事案件案由规定》将监理合同纠纷归在建设工程合同纠纷项下，但仅为建设工程案件审理便利为之，并非将监理合同认定为建设工程合同。目前针对监理业务是否可以分包，除相关部门规章对部分细分领域明确不得转包和分包外无法律法规层面上的明确规定，监理合同的部分转让可适用转委托法律关系，但因其涉及建设工程领域，要审慎待之，应避免将监理业务全部转让给第三方。

Abstract: Analysis of the Legality of subcontracting and sub-contracting of Construction Engineering Supervision Business As to whether the supervision business can be entrusted to a third party, the term of Article 34 of China’s Construction Law is not “transfer”, but in the fields of water transportation, highways and other fields, as well as court judgments, the expression of “sub-contracting” or “subcontracting” commonly used in the field of construction engineering survey, design and construction is often used. As a result, whether the supervision allows subcontracting has become a controversial point in practice. The Civil Code clearly defines the supervision contract as an entrustment contract and applies the relevant legal provisions of the entrustment contract. The Provisions on the Causes of Civil Cases categorizes the supervision contract dispute under the construction project contract dispute, but only for the convenience of the trial of the construction project case, and does not identify the supervision contract as a construction project contract. At present, as to whether the supervision business can be subcontracted, there are no clear provisions at the level of laws and regulations, except that the relevant department regulations clearly prohibit subcontracting and sub-contracting in some subdivisions. The transfer of part of the supervision contract can be applied to the legal relationship of subcontracting, but because it involves the field of construction engineering, it is necessary to be careful to avoid transferring all the supervision business to a third party.