论平台主播的劳动权益保护

On the Protection of Labor Rights and Interests of Platform Anchors

摘要: 即使在现有的法律框架内，通过《民法典》或者《劳动合同法》无法对平台主播与平台之间签订的协议进行明确判断，但是平台主播作为平台从业者应当拥有取得劳动报酬、休息休假、保护劳动安全与卫生的基本劳动权利以及自由选择直播平台的具体劳动权利，同时此类主播在违约金、单方解除协议事项上不得依据《劳动合同法》主张相关劳动权利。因此这类平台主播所签订的主播协议中涉及取得劳动报酬、休息休假、劳动安全与卫生、选择直播平台以及竞业限制的内容应受《劳动合同法》的调整，而除此之外的其他内容则应受《民法典》的调整。可以看出平台主播与直播平台间的主播协议中仅有部分内容属于劳动合同，其余内容皆属于民事合同，因此主播协议并非完全意义上的劳动合同，不能将其认定为劳动合同。由于平台主播与直播平台间的主播协议既包含劳动合同的内容又包含民事合同的内容，而目前法律尚未对此类主播协议作出特别规定并赋予特定的名称，因此对其法律性质无法做到直接定性，然而无法直接定性意味着不能够对平台主播进行应有的劳动权益保护，针对平台主播的劳动权益保护应当关注在现实中的具体表现形式。

Abstract: Even if within the existing legal framework, the agreement signed between platform anchors and platforms cannot be clearly judged through the Civil Code or the Labor Contract Law, platform anchors, as platform practitioners, should have the basic labor rights of obtaining labor remuneration, taking rest and holidays, protecting labor safety and health, and the specific labor rights of freely choosing live broadcast platforms. At the same time, such anchors shall not claim relevant labor rights in accordance with the Labor Contract Law on liquidated damages and unilateral termination of the agreement. Therefore, the content related to obtaining labor remuneration, rest and vacation, labor safety and health, choice of live broadcasting platform and competition restriction in the anchor agreement signed by such platform anchors should be adjusted by the Labor Contract Law, while other content should be adjusted by the Civil Code. It can be seen that only part of the content of the anchor agreement between the platform anchor and the live broadcast platform belongs to the labor contract, and the rest belongs to the civil contract. Therefore, the anchor agreement is not a labor contract in the full sense, and it cannot be identified as a labor contract. Since the anchor agreement between the platform anchor and the live broadcasting platform contains both the content of labor contract and civil contract, and the current law has not made special provisions on such anchor agreement and given a specific name, its legal nature cannot be directly defined, but it cannot be directly defined and means that the platform anchor cannot be protected due to labor rights and interests. The labor rights and interests protection of platform anchors should pay attention to the concrete forms of expression in reality.