抑郁障碍青少年非自杀性自伤行为影响因素探讨

Factors Influencing Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Behavior in Adolescents with Depressive Disorders

摘要: 目的：探讨抑郁障碍青少年非自杀性自伤行为的影响因素。方法：选取2022年6月至2023年12月在本院住院诊断抑郁障碍伴有NSSI的青少年30名，作为研究组。另外选取同时期本院住院诊断抑郁障碍不伴有NSSI的青少年30名，作为对照组。两组均给予一般情况调查表、艾森克人格问卷、儿童期虐待创伤问卷、家庭环境量表调查。比较两组存在的差异，分析青少年非自杀性自伤行为患者心理社会因素。结果：住院病历中抑郁障碍伴NSSI青少年男女比例严重失调，女性人数明显高于男性人数(女性占78.3%)。最常见的自伤方式是故意用玻璃小刀等划伤自己的皮肤(11.32%)，最少见自伤方式是故意用打火机、烟头等来把自己的皮肤烫伤、烧伤，故意在没有生命危险的情况下触电，其它方式主要是吞药(过量服用药物)。两组在文化水平上有统计学意义(P < 0.05)，初中生更易出现NSSI。两组在性格、既往史、年龄、住院次数、病程、家族史方面差异无统计学意义。Logistic回归分析显示神经质、精神质、矛盾性、情感虐待、躯体虐待、性虐待、亲密度、掩饰性为青少年NSSI行为的独立影响因素，有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论：抑郁障碍青少年非自杀性自伤的方式多样，抑郁障碍伴非自杀性自伤青少年女性人数明显高于男性人数，初中生占比最高。神经质、精神质、童年期虐待、矛盾性为抑郁障碍青少年NSSI的危险因素，亲密度、掩饰性为抑郁障碍青少年NSSI的保护因素。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the influencing factors of non-suicidal self-injury behavior in adolescents with depressive disorders. Methods: A total of 30 adolescents with depressive disorders with NSSI who were hospitalized in our hospital from June 2022 to December 2023 were selected as the study group. In addition, 30 adolescents who were hospitalized in our hospital and diagnosed with depressive disorder without NSSI were selected as the control group. Both groups were given the General Situation Questionnaire, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, the Childhood Abuse Trauma Questionnaire, and the Family Environment Scale. The differences between the two groups were compared, and the psychosocial factors of adolescent patients with non-suicidal self-injury behavior were analyzed. Results: The proportion of males and females with depressive disorder and NSSI in the inpatient records was seriously imbalanced, and the number of females was significantly higher than that of males (78.3% female). The most common way of self-injury is to deliberately scratch one’s skin with a glass knife (11.32%), the least common way to self-harm is to deliberately use a lighter, cigarette butt, etc. to burn or burn one’s skin, deliberately electrocution without life-threatening circumstances, and other ways are mainly swallowing drugs (overdose). The two groups were statistically significant at the cultural level (P < 0.05), Junior high school students have the highest proportion of NSSI. There were no significant differences between the two groups in personality, past history, age, number of hospitalizations, course of disease and family history. Logistic regression analysis showed that neuroticism, psychoticism, ambivalence, emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, intimacy and concealment were independent influencing factors of NSSI behavior in adolescents, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusions: There are many ways of non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents with depressive disorders, and the number of adolescents with depressive disorder and non-suicidal self-injury is significantly higher than that of males, and the proportion of junior high school students is the highest. Neuroticism, psychoticism, childhood abuse, and ambivalence were risk factors for NSSI in adolescents with depressive disorders, and intimacy and concealment were protective factors for NSSI in adolescents with depressive disorders.