基于应变率敏感性吸能材料冲击过程的猝量理论实验验证

Experimental Verification of Jerky Theory Based on Strain Rate-Sensitive Energy Absorbing Materials in Impact Process

摘要: 猝量理论主要研究物体在变力作用下的动力学特性，当前主要是进行理论研究，相关实验研究较少。论文以吸能材料的冲击过程为研究对象，采用理论分析和实验验证方法，研究了在物体质量不变条件下，当外力随时间线性变化时，吸能材料动力学特性。根据牛二定律建立了质量恒定的吸能冲击材料力变率与急动度的函数关系，给出了吸能材料在冲击载荷作用下的急动度、速度、位移、冲击功解析公式，在此基础上，进行了吸能材料冲击试验，以验证理论计算方法和公式的正确性。结果表明：试验数据与理论结果基本一致，验证了理论结果的正确性。该方法对于力变率为常数的冲击载荷动力学研究具有参考意义。

Abstract: The jerk theory mainly studies the dynamic characteristics of objects under the action of variable force. There are many theoretical research results in this area, but few related experiments. Taking the impact process of energy absorbing materials as the research object, the dynamic characteristics of energy absorbing materials are studied by theoretical analysis and experimental verification methods when the external force changes linearly with time under the condition that the mass of the object is constant. According to Niu Er’s law, the functional relationship between the force change rate and the jerk of the energy absorbing impact material with constant mass is established, and the analytical calculation formulas of the jerk, velocity, displacement and impact energy of the energy absorbing material under the impact load are given. Based on which, the impact test of the energy absorbing material is carried out to verify the correctness of the theoretical calculation method and formula. Results show that the theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental result, which verifies the correctness of the theoretical results. This method has reference significance for the study of impact load dynamics with constant force rate.