青岛某医院儿童过敏原sIgE检测结果分析

Analysis of sIgE Test Results for Pediatric Allergens in a Hospital in Qingdao

摘要: 目的：对青岛大学附属医院就诊的儿童过敏原sIgE分布特点、规律进行回顾性研究，为儿童过敏性疾病的诊疗提供科学依据。方法：收集2021年1月~2022年12月在我院就诊的过敏性或疑似过敏性疾病的0~14岁儿童，来进行血清特异性过敏原IgE (sIgE)检测。结果：吸入过敏原组1634例，食物过敏原组2086例，吸入过敏原组阳性率为38.2%，排名前3位依次为粉尘螨(40.8%)、户尘螨(39.2%)、链格孢(25.9%)；食物过敏原组阳性率为49.8%，排名前3位依次为蛋白(32.2%)、牛奶(24.7%)、小麦(18.4%)。除了粉尘螨、户尘螨与链格孢，其他不同过敏原检测分级阳性样本中sIgE的浓度均以1~3级为主。除了普通豚草外，男女童组间不同种过敏原slgE阳性率均存在差异，且差异均具有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。在不同年龄组中slgE过敏原分布特点不尽相同，婴儿期组食物过敏原slgE阳性率高于其他年龄段，常见的3种过敏原分别是牛奶(58%)、蟹(56%)、蛋白(53%)；除了狗皮屑、猫皮屑外，学龄前期组吸入过敏原slgE阳性率高于其他2个年龄段，学龄前期组常见的3种吸入过敏原分别为户尘螨(56%)、德国小蠊(53%)、粉尘螨(51%)，3个年龄组各组间差异均具有统计学意义(均P < 0.01)。结论：儿童过敏原的分布在不同性别、年龄、强度等方面均有差异，通过研究血清过敏原的分布，可为过敏性儿童提供更有效的预防和诊疗措施。

Abstract: Objective: Exploring the retrospective study on the distribution characteristics and patterns of allergens in children treated at Qingdao University Affiliated Hospital, in order to provide effective basis for the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases in children. Method: Collect 0~14-year-old children with allergic or suspected allergic diseases who visited our hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 for serum specific allergen IgE testing. Result: There were 1634 cases in the inhaled allergen group and 2086 cases in the food allergen group. The positive rate of the inhaled allergen group was 38.2%, and the top three were dust mites (40.8%), household dust mites (39.2%), and Streptomyces (25.9%); The positive rate of the food allergen group was 49.8%, with the top three ranked in sequence being protein (32.2%), milk (24.7%), and wheat (18.4%). Except for dust mites, household dust mites, and Streptomyces, the concentration of sIgE in positive samples with different allergen detection grades is mainly in grades 1~3. Except for ordinary ragweed, there were differences in the positive rates of different allergens SLgE between male and female groups, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The distribution characteristics of slgE allergens vary among different age groups. The positive rate of food allergens slgE in the infant group is higher than that in other age groups. The three common allergens are milk (58%), crab (56%), and protein (53%); Except for dog dander and cat dander, the positive rate of inhaled allergen SLgE in the preschool group was higher than that in the other two age groups. The three common inhaled allergens in the preschool group were household dust mites (56%), German cockroaches (53%), and dust mites (51%), and the differences between the three age groups were statistically significant (all P < 0.01). Conclusion: The distribution of allergens in children is different in terms of gender, age and intensity. By studying the distribution of serum allergens, we can provide more effective prevention and treatment for children.