2359例孕期妇女乙肝感染及免疫状况回顾性分析

Retrospective Analysis of 2359 Pregnant Women with Hepatitis B Infection and Immune Status

摘要: 目的：了解本院产科门诊孕期妇女乙型肝炎病毒感染情况，为围产期进行干预管理，预防母婴传播提供参考依据。方法：回顾性分析2022年8月至2023年12月在本院产科门诊接受初次孕产期保健的孕期妇女进行血清乙型肝炎五项检测的实验结果。结果：受检2359人中乙肝HBsAg阳性187人，阳性率7.93%，其中，>40岁组检出阳性11例(18.33%)感染率最高，≤25岁组检出阳性9例(4.13%)感染率最低，26~30岁组检出阳性51例(6.17%)，31~35岁组检出阳性71例(8.39%)，36~40岁组检出阳性45例(11.00%)，通过对不同年龄组HBsAg阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。其中，大三阳31例(16.58%)，小三阳138例(73.79%)，其他类型18例(9.63%)。受检者中有1383例孕期妇女HBsAb阳性，阳性率58.63%，≤25岁组检出HBsAb阳性111例(50.92%)，26~30岁组检出HBsAb阳性477例(57.75%)，31~35岁组检出HBsAb阳性499例(58.98%)，36~40岁组检出HBsAb阳性259例(63.33%)，>40岁组检出HBsAb阳性37例(61.67%)，通过不同年龄组的比较，差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论：HBsAg阳性是新生儿乙肝感染的最主要风险因素，及早确定孕妇乙肝的感染情况，降低乙肝母婴传播的风险，保障母婴健康和社会稳定；孕期妇女中仍有大量HBsAb阴性，应建议及时接种乙肝疫苗。

Abstract: Objective: To understand the infection status of hepatitis B virus in pregnant women in the obstetrics outpatient department of our hospital, and provide reference for intervention and management during the perinatal period to prevent mother to child transmission. Method: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the experimental results of five serum hepatitis B tests conducted on pregnant women who received their first prenatal care at the obstetrics clinic of our hospital from August 2022 to December 2023. Results: Among 2359 people tested, 187 were positive for hepatitis B HBsAg, with a positive rate of 7.93%. Among them, 11 cases (18.33%) were positive in the group over 40 years of age, and 9 cases (4.13%) were positive in the group under 25 years of age. The infection rate was the lowest, 51 cases (6.17%) were positive in the group between 26 and 30 years of age, 71 cases (8.39%) were positive in the group between 31 and 35 years of age, and 45 cases (11.00%) were positive in the group between 36 and 40 years of age. By comparing the positive rates of HBsAg in different age groups, there was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Among them, there were 31 cases (16.58%) of major three positive, 138 cases (73.79%) of minor three positive, and 18 cases (9.63%) of other types. Among the tested individuals, 1383 pregnant women were found to be positive for HBsAb, with a positivity rate of 58.63%. Among them, 111 cases (50.92%) were detected as HBsAb positive in the ≤25 age group, 477 cases (57.75%) were detected as HBsAb positive in the 26~30 age group, 499 cases (58.98%) were detected as HBsAb positive in the 31~35 age group, 259 cases (63.33%) were detected as HBsAb positive in the 36~40 age group, and 37 cases (61.67%) were detected as HBsAb positive in the >40 age group. The differences between different age groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: HBsAg positive is the most important risk factor of neonatal hepatitis B infection. Early determination of pregnant women’s hepatitis B infection can reduce the risk of mother to child transmission of hepatitis B, and ensure maternal and infant health and social stability; A large number of pregnant women are still negative for HBsAb, so it should be recommended to vaccinate hepatitis B vaccine in time.