儿童青少年近视防控行为研究进展：用眼行为的影响与策略

Research Progress on Preventive Behaviors for Myopia in Children and Adolescents: The Influence of Visual Habits and Strategies

摘要: 近年来，中国的青少年近视发病率呈现逐年上升趋势，青少年的总体近视率高于50%，其中初中生、高中生分别高于70%、80%。在当前数字化时代背景下，儿童和青少年的用眼行为备受关注，尤其是其与近视发展之间的关系。随着智能手机、平板电脑等电子设备的普及，并伴随后疫情时代的到来，儿童青少年的用眼习惯发生了显著变化，这不仅会对其视力健康造成直接影响，也给近视防控工作带来了新的挑战。面对这一现象，旨在探索有效的近视防控策略，特别是通过调整用眼行为来预防和控制儿童青少年的近视问题。为了解决上述问题，采用系统的文献回顾和元分析方法，综合评估近年来关于儿童青少年用眼行为与近视关系的研究进展。通过深入分析用眼时间、用眼距离、用眼环境等多个维度对近视发展的影响，旨在揭示不良用眼行为与近视加剧之间的关联性，并基于此提出针对性的防控策略。这些策略不仅包括改善用眼习惯的具体措施，如限制连续用眼时间、增加户外活动时间、优化阅读环境的照明条件等，还涉及到学校普及、家庭教育和社会宣传等方面，以促进形成完善的全方位近视防控体系。进一步地，探讨如何通过学校教育、家庭引导和社会支持三方面协同作用，有效实施这些防控策略。研究发现，学校在近视防控教育中发挥着核心作用，而家庭的支持和过程的监督则是确保防控措施得以落实的关键。同时，社会层面的政策支持和公共健康宣传也对提高儿童青少年及其家长的近视防控意识至关重要。通过深入分析儿童青少年的用眼行为及其对近视发展的影响，提出综合性近视防控策略，为解决当前儿童青少年近视问题提供了科学依据和新的思路，也为相关政策制定和实践应用的方向进行了新的探索。这些策略的实施，对于改善儿童青少年的视力健康状况，降低近视发生率，具有重要的现实意义和应用价值。

Abstract: In recent years, there has been a progressive increase in the prevalence of myopia among Chinese adolescents, with an overall myopia rate exceeding 50%. Specifically, middle school students and high school students exhibit rates above 70% and 80%, respectively. In the context of the digital era, considerable attention has been drawn to children and adolescents’ eye behavior and its association with myopia development. The widespread use of smartphones, tablet computers, and other electronic devices, along with the post-pandemic era’s advent, has significantly transformed children and adolescents’ ocular habits. This not only directly impacts their visual well-being but also presents novel challenges for myopia prevention and control endeavors. Given this phenomenon, our aim is to explore effective strategies for preventing and controlling myopia in children and adolescents by specifically addressing eye behavior adjustments. In order to address the aforementioned issues, a systematic literature review and meta-analysis approach is employed to comprehensively evaluate recent research progress on the relationship between eye behavior of children and adolescents and myopia. By conducting an in-depth analysis of various dimensions such as duration of eye usage, distance from eyes to objects, and environmental factors affecting myopia development, this study aims to reveal the correlation between poor eye behavior and worsening myopia. Based on these findings, targeted prevention and control strategies are proposed. These strategies encompass not only specific measures to improve ocular habits, such as limiting prolonged eye usage, increasing outdoor activities, and optimizing lighting conditions in reading environments, but also involve aspects of school promotion, family education, and social publicity to foster the establishment of a comprehensive system for myopia prevention and control. Furthermore, it is imperative to investigate the effective implementation of these prevention and control strategies through a synergistic approach encompassing school education, parental guidance, and societal support. Research has demonstrated that schools play a pivotal role in the education of myopia prevention and control, while family support and supervision are indispensable for ensuring the execution of preventive measures. Simultaneously, policy backing at the societal level along with public health promotion are also crucial in fostering awareness regarding myopia prevention and control among children, adolescents, and their parents. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of children and adolescents’ eye behavior and its impact on myopia development, this study proposes holistic strategies for preventing and controlling myopia. These strategies offer scientific evidence and innovative ideas to address the current issue of myopia among children and adolescents, while also exploring novel directions for policy-making and practical application. The implementation of these strategies holds significant practical significance and value in enhancing visual health conditions and reducing the incidence of myopia among children and adolescents.