黄酮类化合物通过调节肿瘤微环境抑制胶质母细胞瘤相关研究进展

Progress in Research on Flavonoids in Inhibiting Glioblastoma by Regulating Tumor Microenvironment

摘要: 胶质母细胞瘤(Glioblastoma, GBM)是脑部原发性恶性肿瘤中最常见、也是恶性程度最高的类型之一。GBM患者的预后极差，即使在标准治疗下，中位生存时间也往往不足18个月。因此，长期以来GBM一直是中枢神经系统肿瘤领域研究的热点。免疫抑制是GBM发生发展的关键环节之一，肿瘤微环境(Tumor Microenvironment, TME)异常在其中发挥了重要的作用。通过逆转TME中异常表达的细胞因子和生长受体等，可以抑制GBM的增殖和侵袭能力，并降低其恶性程度。近年来，黄酮类化合物对GBM细胞的抑制作用及其分子机制得到了深入研究，其中黄酮类化合物通过改变GBM细胞的TME发挥重要作用。研究表明，黄酮类化合物可以在遗传物质水平上降低异常细胞因子及生长受体的表达改变TME，转化免疫抑制环境，并将肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(Tumor-Associated Macrophages, TAMs)转化为具有肿瘤抑制功能的正常巨噬细胞。本文旨在探讨黄酮类化合物通过调控TME对GBM的抑制作用，为GBM的研究提供新的思路。

Abstract: Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most common and highly malignant types of primary brain tumors. Patients with glioblastoma have a very poor prognosis, with a median survival time often less than 18 months even with standard treatment. Therefore, glioblastoma has long been a research focus in the field of central nervous system tumors. Immunosuppression is one of the key aspects in the development and progression of glioblastoma, with abnormalities in the tumor microenvironment playing a significant role. By reversing the abnormal expression of cytokines and growth receptors within the tumor microenvironment (TME), the proliferation and invasive capabilities of glioblastoma can be suppressed, reducing its malignancy. In recent years, the inhibitory effects and molecular mechanisms of flavonoids on glioblastoma cells have been extensively researched. Flavonoids play a significant role in modifying the TME of glioblastoma cells. Studies have demonstrated that flavonoids can reduce the expression of abnormal cytokines and growth receptors at the genetic level, altering the TME, transforming the immunosuppressive environment, and transforming tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) into normal macrophages with tumor-suppressing capabilities. This article aims to explore the inhibitory effects of flavonoids on glioblastoma through the modulation of the TME, offering new perspectives for glioblastoma research.