基于认知理论的医务人员对新生儿先天性心脏病筛查认知框架研究

Study on the Cognitive Framework of Newborn Screening for Congenital Heart Disease among Medical Personnel Based on Cognitive Theory

摘要: 目的：以认知理论为依据构建陕西省部分地区医务工作者对免费新生儿先天性心脏病双指标法筛查技术的认知框架，从自我认知层面把握对该技术的认知情况，进而结合本省自身特点探究并改进实施过程中存在的问题，为实施有针对性的技术培训和健康教育科普措施提供科学依据。方法：采用定性和定量研究相结合的方法，分层随机抽取陕西省不同层次医疗机构从事妇幼工作的医务人员540名作为研究对象，分析医务人员对免费新生儿先天性心脏病双指标法筛查的认知情况。结果：医务人员对免费新生儿先天性心脏病双指标法筛查相关规范了解程度的中位数为39.07% (33.89%~45.55%)；筛查关键技术掌握程度的中位数为60.19% (54.44%~66.48%)，其中关于筛查开始时间的正确选择占比53.52%，不同专业技术人员对免费新生儿先天性心脏病双指标法筛查认知情况的认知相差较大，组间比较有统计学差异(P < 0.05)。结论：现阶段，陕西省部分地区医务工作者对免费新生儿先天性心脏病双指标法筛查的技术掌握程度、新生儿先心病基本专业知识的了解程度较低，应加强各级医疗机构对该技术的反复强化培训和推广宣传。

Abstract: Objective: To construct a cognitive framework for the free neonatal congenital heart disease dual-indicator method of screening for medical workers in some areas of Shaanxi Province based on cognitive theory, grasp the cognitive status of the technology from the level of self-perception, and then explore and improve the problems in the implementation process in the light of the characteristics of the province, so as to provide a scientific basis for the implementation of targeted technical training and health education and popularization measures. Methods: Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, a stratified random sample of 540 medical staff working with mothers and children at different levels of medical institutions in Shaanxi Province was selected to analyze the medical staff’s knowledge of the free neonatal congenital heart disease dual-indicator method of screening. Results: The median level of knowledge of medical staff about the norms related to free neonatal congenital heart disease dual-indicator method of screening was 39.07% (33.89%~45.55%); the median level of mastery of key screening techniques was 60.19% (54.44%~66.48%), with 53.52% correct choices regarding the timing of screening, there was a statistically significant difference in between-group comparisons of knowledge of the free neonatal congenital heart disease dual-indicator method of screening among different professionals and technicians (P < 0.05). Conclusion: At the present stage, the degree of technical mastery of the free neonatal congenital heart disease dual-indicator method of screening and the degree of understanding of the basic specialized knowledge of neonatal congenital heart disease for medical workers in some areas of Shaanxi Province are relatively low, and repeated and intensive training and publicity of the free neonatal congenital heart disease dual-indicator method of screening for medical institutions at all levels should be strengthened.