道生德成：《淮南子·原道训》的“道”本论思想研究

The Genesis of the Dao and the Realization of Virtue: A Study of the Ontology of “Dao” in the Chapter “Yuan Dao Xun” of Huai Nan Zi

摘要: 《淮南子》又称《淮南鸿烈》，是由东汉淮南王刘安及其座上宾客所著，是西汉黄老道家思想的集大成之作，《原道训》又是《淮南子》中有关于老庄道学本体观思想的重要部分，该卷中有着丰富的道家思想，该篇主张“道”是宇宙的本源，“道”有着“无为”而“无不为”的作用，其认为人应该效法“道”，做到“清静无为”以得道为价值取向。《淮南子》在论道方面具有缜密严谨的理论逻辑，无论是从道本论的宗旨与原则、方式与思维还是道本论的特点与取向、价值与意义，在《原道训》中均有深刻具体的哲学思维的体现，在此系统化的道本论基础上。该篇进一步汇通整合先秦老庄、黄老道家思想。深刻阐发以“道生得成”的道本论哲学思想。也是对《淮南子》道本论逻辑及道家学说的充分体现，使《原道训》成为以淮南王刘安为领袖的汉代淮南学派在学术上的思想纲领。也让其有力的彰显出《淮南子》全书鲜明的道家理论特质及人文精神。

Abstract: The Huai Nan Zi, also known as the Huainan Honglie, is a work written by the Duke of Huaian, Liu An, and his guests during the Eastern Han Dynasty. It is a masterpiece that integrates the Huang-Lao Taoist thought of the Western Han Dynasty. The Huai Nan Zi contains rich Taoist thoughts, and the Yuan Dao Xun is an important part of Laozi and Zhuangzi’s Taoist ontological view. In this chapter, the authors argue that “Dao” is the source of the universe, and “Dao” has the function of “non-action” but “achieves everything”. The authors suggest that people should emulate “Dao” and achieve “purity, tranquility, and non-action” as their value orientation. The Huai Nan Zi has a meticulous and rigorous theoretical logic in discussing Dao, which is particularly evident in the Yuan Dao Xun, the opening chapter of the book. Whether it is the purpose and principles of Dao ontology, the methods and thinking, the characteristics and orientation, the value and significance, there are profound and specific philosophical thoughts in the Yuan Dao Xun that reflect the systematic Dao ontology. Based on this systematic Dao ontology, the Yuan Dao Xun further integrates and synthesizes the pre-Qin Laozi and Huang-Lao Taoist thought. It eloquently expounds the Dao ontological philosophy of “Dao gives birth to and nurtures everything” and fully embodies the Dao ontological logic and Taoist thought of the Huai Nan Zi. It also makes the Yuan Dao Xun the intellectual creed of the Huaian School of Learning in the Han Dynasty led by Duke Liu An, and effectively highlights the distinctive Taoist theoretical features and humanistic spirit of the Huai Nan Zi.