关于票据利益返还请求权若干问题的探讨

Discussion on Several Issues Concerning the Right to Request Return of Benefits on Bills

摘要: 我国《票据法》第18条规定了利益返还请求权制度。与域外立法相比，在利益返还请求权的性质定位、适用范围、时效适用等方面都存在较大差异，学理上也有不同见解。从票据利益返还请求权的立法原意与功能出发，应将票据利益返还请求权定性为《票据法》上的特别请求权，并要求其成立应以票据权利曾有效成立并存在为构成要件，其行使应以超过票据时效为唯一法定事由并坚持《票据法》中对相关时效的规定。

Abstract: Article 18 of China’s Negotiable Instruments Law stipulates the system of the right to request the return of benefits. Compared with foreign legislation, there are significant differences in the nature, scope of application, and statute of limitations of the right to request the return of benefits, and there are also different theoretical perspectives. Starting from the legislative intent and function of the right to request the return of benefits from negotiable instruments, the right to request the return of benefits from negotiable instruments should be classified as a special right under Negotiable Instruments Law, and its establishment should be based on the effective establishment and existence of the negotiable instrument right as a constituent element. Its exercise should be based solely on the statutory reason of exceeding the prescription of negotiable instruments and adhere to the relevant provisions regarding relevant time limits in Negotiable Instruments Law.