人口老龄化背景下社区嵌入式养老模式的困境以及优化路径研究

Research on the Dilemmas and Optimization Paths of Community Embedded Elderly Care Models in the Context of Population Aging

摘要: 截至2023年年末，中国65岁及以上老年人口数量已攀升至2.17亿之巨，我国已进入深度老龄化社会，尤其在农村地区，老年人口比例高，而养老保障体系发展滞后，导致农村养老问题严重。为应对这一挑战，国家提出构建“居家、社区、机构”三位一体的养老服务体系，其中嵌入式养老模式成为关键创新。该模式通过将养老服务融入社区，整合资源，提供日常照料、医疗保健和心理支持，旨在提升老年人生活质量。然而，实际操作中面临协调不足、文化氛围欠缺、专业人才短缺和运营成本高等问题。为改善这一状况，需加强宣传、优化资源整合、建设信息平台及改善从业环境等措施。

Abstract: As of the end of 2023, China’s elderly population aged 65 and above has reached 217 million, marking the country’s entry into a deeply aging society. This issue is particularly acute in rural areas, where the high proportion of elderly people and low level of pension security exacerbate the challenges of elderly care. In this context, the government has proposed establishing a “home, community, and institutional” integrated elderly care system, with the embedded care model emerging as a significant innovation. This model integrates elderly care services into the community, consolidates resources, and provides daily care, medical services, and psychological support to improve the quality of life for seniors. However, several issues persist in practice, including inadequate coordination among care providers, a lack of cultural atmosphere, a shortage of professional talent, and high operational costs. To address these issues, measures such as enhancing publicity, optimizing resource integration, developing information platforms, and improving the working environment are necessary.