延安大学学生心理健康状况：2012~2021对比分析

Mental Health Status of Students at Yan’an University: A Comparative Analysis of 2012~2021

摘要: 目的：旨在探讨延安大学学生在2012年至2021年间心理健康状况的变化，并分析背后的社会、文化和教育因素，以提供预防心理障碍的依据。方法：研究对象为延安大学不同学院的在校大学生，通过整群抽样方法选取了1620名2021级新生和424名2012年在校生，使用SCL-90量表进行心理健康评估。结果：2021年延安大学在校新生各因子均分为1.20 ± 0.32~1.64 ± 0.53，均低于2012年的1.32 ± 0.37~1.68 ± 0.50 (t检验，均为P < 0.05)；男生各因子均分2021年为1.20 ± 0.34~1.39 ± 0.49，均低于2012年的1.26 ± 0.33~1.50 ± 0.47；女生各因子均分2021年为1.20 ± 0.31~1.67 ± 0.50，均低于2012年的1.35 ± 0.40~1.73 ± 0.50，均为女生高于男生(t检验，均为P < 0.05)，2021年在校大学生的各项因子得分 ≥ 2的检出率为2.11%~8.49%，均低于2012年的6.6%~27.36% (χ²检验，均为P < 0.001)；各因子得分≥ 3的检出率合计为2.62%，低于2012年的合计为7.87% (χ² = 133.000, P < 0.001)。结论：延安大学在校大学生心理健康水平十年间有变化，2022年总体心理健康水平优于2012年。

Abstract: Objective: This study delves into the shifts in students’ mental health status at Yan’an University between 2012 and 2021 while analyzing the underlying social, cultural, and educational factors. The aim is to furnish insights for the prevention of psychological disorders. Methods: The study subjects were current college students from different colleges of Yan’an University. A cluster sampling approach was utilized, involving 1620 freshmen of 2021 and 424 students of 2012. Mental health was assessed using the SCL-90 scale. Results: The average scores across all factors for the 2021 freshmen ranged from 1.20 ± 0.32 to 1.64 ± 0.53, exhibiting a decrease compared to the 2012 scores of 1.32 ± 0.37 to 1.68 ± 0.50 (t-test, P < 0.05). Among male students, the average score for all factors in 2021 was 1.20 ± 0.34~1.39 ± 0.49, lower than the 2012 score of 1.26 ± 0.33~1.50 ± 0.47. Female students in 2021 had mean scores ranging from 1.20 ± 0.31~1.67 ± 0.50, lower than the 2012 scores of 1.35 ± 0.40~1.73 ± 0.50, with all female students scoring higher than males (t-test, P < 0.05). The detection rate of all factors scoring ≥ 2 among college students in 2021 ranged from 2.11% to 8.49%, all lower than those in 2012, which ranged from 6.6% to 27.36% (χ² test, P < 0.001). The overall detection rate for each factor scoring ≥ 3 was 2.62%, lower than the total of 7.87% in 2012 (χ² = 133.000, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The mental health status of college students at Yan’an University has evolved over the past decade, with the overall mental health standard in 2022 surpassing that of 2012.