西南空域航空器空中积冰特征分析

Analysis of Aerial Ice Accumulation Characteristics of Aircraft in Southwest Airspace

摘要: 本文利用2018~2024年西南空域航空器语音报告，分析西南空域航空器积冰天气统计学特征，结论如下：1) 2018~2024年西南空域共出现航空器积冰报告716次，年平均102次，且航空器积冰报告次数与航班量呈明显正相关。西南空域各年航空器积冰报告趋势差异不大，航空器积冰报告总次数年变化整体呈“U”型分布，冬季出现最多，夏季甚少出现。一日中的09:00~11:00、18:00~19:00航空器积冰出现最多，01:00~08:00甚少出现；2) 西南空域航空器积冰在4000 m以下高度发生次数最多，6000 m以上较少；强度以中等强度最多，严重积冰次之，轻度积冰出现最少；3) 西南空域航空器积冰冷空气型最多、切变型、高空槽型次之、急流型最少。

Abstract: This article uses the voice reports of aircraft in the Southwest airspace from 2018 to 2024 to analyze the statistical characteristics of aircraft icing weather in the Southwest airspace. The conclusions are as follows: 1) There were a total of 716 reports of aircraft icing in the Southwest airspace from 2018 to 2024, with an average of 102 reports per year, and the number of reports of aircraft icing was significantly positively correlated with flight volume. There is not much difference in the trend of aircraft icing reports in the southwest airspace over the years. The overall annual variation of the total number of aircraft icing reports shows a “U”-shaped distribution, with the highest occurrence in winter and the lowest occurrence in summer. Aircraft icing occurs most frequently between 09:00~11:00 and 18:00~19:00 during the day, and rarely between 01:00~08:00; 2) Aircraft icing in the southwest airspace occurs most frequently at altitudes below 4000m and less frequently above 6000m; Moderate intensity is the most common, followed by severe icing, and mild icing occurs the least; 3) The aircraft in the southwest airspace have the most ice accumulation cold air type, followed by shear type, high-altitude trough type, and the least jet type.