乡村振兴背景下大学生创业绩效影响因素实证分析

Empirical Analysis of Influencing Factors on College Students’ Entrepreneurial Performance under the Background of Rural Revitalization

摘要: 在国家发展和改革委员会等部门发起的促进青年就业、加大返乡入乡创业支持力度的政策背景下，大学生返乡创业现象成为关注焦点，其背后蕴含了复杂的社会、经济及个人动因。本研究旨在通过系统的文献回顾与实证分析，深入探索影响大学生返乡创业绩效的关键因素，并为提升这一群体的创业成效提供理论依据与实践指导。基于通过文献分析，研究界定了“创业绩效”及其主要影响因素，将其划分为内外部两大类，并详细阐述了创业动机、乡土情怀、创业扶持政策与网络嵌入等核心概念及其理论基础。基于这些理论基础，提出了四个关于影响大学生返乡创业绩效的假设，并结合234名返乡创业大学生的调查数据，运用统计相关分析，多元回归分析对创业绩效影响因素进行深入分析，结果表明创业动机、乡土情怀、创业扶持政策与网络嵌入均对大学生返乡创业绩效产生了显著的正向的线性相关关系，但乡土情怀在创业绩效的多元回归模型中影响不显著。结合研究结果，研究提出了从加强创业教育与实践的结合，精准对接地方发展需求，优化创业扶持政策体系，以及促进社会网络资源的有效整合等建议来进一步提升大学生创业绩效水平且进一步推进乡村振兴战略的实施及国家人力资源的合理配置。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of policies launched by the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments to promote youth employment and strengthen support for returning to and starting businesses in rural areas, the phenomenon of college students returning to their hometowns to start businesses has emerged as a focal point, underpinned by intricate social, economic, and individual motivations. This study aims to delve into the critical factors influencing the entrepreneurial performance of these returning college students through a systematic literature review and empirical analysis, offering theoretical foundations and practical guidance for enhancing their entrepreneurial effectiveness. Drawing upon literature analysis, the study defines “entrepreneurial performance” and its primary influencing factors, categorizing them into internal and external dimensions. It elaborates on core concepts and their theoretical foundations, including entrepreneurial motivation, rural nostalgia, entrepreneurial support policies, and network embeddedness. Based on these theoretical foundations, four hypotheses regarding the impact on the entrepreneurial performance of returning college students are formulated. Utilizing survey data from 234 returning college entrepreneurs, the study employs statistical correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis to delve into the influencing factors of entrepreneurial performance. The results reveal significant positive linear correlations between entrepreneurial motivation, rural nostalgia, entrepreneurial support policies, and network embeddedness entrepreneurial performance. However, rural nostalgia does not exhibit a significant impact in the multiple regression model for entrepreneurial performance. In light of the findings, the study proposes several recommendations: strengthening the integration of entrepreneurship education and practice, precisely aligning with local development needs, optimizing the system of entrepreneurial support policies, and effectively integrating social network resources to further elevate the entrepreneurial performance of college students and advance the implementation of rural revitalization strategies as well as facilitate the rational allocation of national human resources.