老年人时间观预测抑郁水平的优势分析研究

The Dominance Analysis of Time Perspective in Predicting Depression Level among the Elderly

摘要: 时间观是指个体对时间的认知、体验和行动(或行动倾向)。先前研究发现时间观会影响老年人的抑郁水平，但时间观各维度影响力的相对大小尚不清楚。本研究选取津巴多时间观量表和老年抑郁量表对410位60岁以上老年人展开调查，采用优势分析的统计方法考察时间观各维度在预测老年人抑郁水平时的相对大小。结果发现，积极过去时间观和享乐主义现在时间观负向预测老年人抑郁水平，宿命主义现在时间观和超未来时间观正向预测老年人抑郁水平。积极过去时间观在预测老年人抑郁水平时贡献最大，占总方差的41.85%；其次为超未来时间观，占35.97%；再次为宿命主义现在时间观，占12.45%；最后为享乐主义现在时间观，占9.72%。研究提示，培养高水平的积极过去时间观和低水平的超未来时间观是降低老年人抑郁水平的主要途径，培养低水平的宿命主义现在时间观和高水平的享乐主义现在时间观对降低老年人抑郁水平有一定作用。

Abstract: Time perspective refers to the individual’s cognition, experience, and action (or action tendency) of the time. Previous research has found that time perspective can influence the depression levels of the elderly, but the relative importance of each time perspective dimension remains unknown. In this study, we employed dominance analysis to explore this question. The Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory and the Geriatric Depression Scale were utilized to investigate 410 elderly individuals over 60. The results indicated that the Past Positive dimension and the Present Hedonistic dimension negatively predicted the depression levels of the elderly, while the Present Fatalistic dimension and the Transcendental Future dimension positively predicted the depression levels of the elderly. Dominance analysis showed that the most powerful predictor for depression levels was the Past Positive dimension (accounting for 41.85% of the total variance), followed by the Transcendental Future dimension (35.97%), the third was the Present Fatalistic dimension (12.45%), and the last was the Present Hedonistic dimension (9.72%). This study suggests that cultivating a high level of the Past Positive time perspective and minimizing the Transcendental Future time perspective is the main approach to reducing the depression levels of the elderly; fostering a low level of the Fatalistic Present time perspective and promoting the Present Hedonistic time perspective also has some effect on reducing the depression levels of the elderly.