贸易开放度对绿色全要素生产率的影响——基于280个地级市数据

The Impact of Trade Openness on Green Total Factor Productivity—Based on Data from 280 Prefecture Level Cities

摘要: 利用2006~2021年中国280个地级市的面板数据，基于方向性距离函数和Malmquist-Luenberger生产率指数，测算280个地级市的绿色全要素生产率。采用固定效应模型实证分析贸易开放度对绿色全要素生产率的影响。研究表明：贸易开放度对中国绿色全要素生产率具有较强的抑制作用。其内在机理为科技创新有效缓解了出口贸易对绿色全要素生产率的抑制作用，同时贸易开放度对绿色全要素生产率存在一定的区域异质性，贸易开放度对西部绿色全要素生产率抑制作用最明显。由此提出以下政策建议，对内要推动贸易从数量规模驱动向质量提升驱动的转变，对外要促进技术交流，充分发挥进口贸易的技术溢出效应，同时各地区要结合自身发展情况制定相关的贸易开放政策。

Abstract: Employing the panel data of 280 prefecture-level cities in China ranging from 2006 to 2021, the green total factor productivity of these 280 prefecture-level cities was appraised based on the directional distance function and the Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index. The ramification of trade openness on green total factor productivity was empirically scrutinized through the utilization of the fixed effect model. The outcomes manifest that trade openness exerts a marked inhibitory effect on China’s green total factor productivity. The intrinsic mechanism is that scientific and technological innovation efficaciously mitigates the inhibitory impact of export trade on GTFP. Concurrently, trade openness demonstrates certain regional heterogeneity regarding GTFP, and it has the most salient inhibitory effect on GTFP in western China. As a consequence, the following policy propositions are proffered: Internally, it is requisite to advance the transformation of trade from being driven by quantity and scale to being driven by quality; externally, endeavors should be made to facilitate technology exchange and fully leverage the technology spillover effect of import trade; simultaneously, all regions should formulate relevant trade opening policies in consonance with their own development circumstances.