易地扶贫搬迁移民返迁行为的“流”与“留”——基于“推拉理论”视角的阐述

The “Flow” and “Stay” of Relocated Migrants’ Return Behavior—An Explanation Based on the Perspective of “Push-Pull Theory”

摘要: 易地扶贫搬迁作为我国脱贫攻坚战中的关键举措，显著提升了贫困地区居民的生活质量。然而，部分已完成搬迁的移民却出现了返迁现象，这一现象背后的动力机制值得深入探讨。基于对广西D县N易地扶贫搬迁安置社区及D县B乡的实地调研，本研究运用“推拉理论”框架分析了移民返迁行为的多重影响因素。研究结果显示，搬迁地的优惠政策、完善的生活设施以及社区归属感构成了吸引移民的拉力；而原居住地的情感纽带、固化的社交网络以及对传统生活方式的留恋则成为推动他们返迁的推力。此外，宅基地退出机制、人地分离矛盾和政策透明性与公信力等中间影响因素也在推拉力量中发挥了重要作用。为有效减少返迁现象，促进移民在新环境中的稳定融入与发展，本研究建议加强搬迁地的拉力机制，削弱原住地的推力影响，并调适中间影响因素。

Abstract: As a key measure in China’s poverty alleviation battle, ex-situ poverty alleviation and relocation has significantly improved the quality of life of residents in poverty-stricken areas. However, some of the migrants who have been relocated have returned, and the dynamic mechanism behind this phenomenon deserves further exploration. Based on the field investigation of the N ex-situ poverty alleviation and resettlement communities in D county and B township in D county of Guangxi, this study analyzes the multiple influencing factors of migrants’ return behavior by using the framework of “push-pull theory”. The results show that the preferential policies, perfect living facilities and sense of community belonging in the relocation site constitute the pulling force to attract immigrants. Emotional ties to their places of origin, solidified social networks, and nostalgia for traditional ways of life are the driving forces behind their return. In addition, intermediate influencing factors such as the homestead withdrawal mechanism and the contradiction between man and land also play an important role in the push and pull force. In order to effectively reduce the phenomenon of return and promote the stable integration and development of migrants in the new environment, this study suggests that the pulling mechanism of the relocation site should be strengthened, the thrust influence of the original place of origin should be weakened, and the intermediate influencing factors should be adjusted.