福利多元化视角下我国非职业女性的生育福利研究

A Study on Maternity Benefits of Non-Working Women in China under the Perspective of Welfare Diversification

摘要: 近年来，中国人口的生育率持续走向低迷，“全面三孩”政策背景下所期望达到的政策目标也未达到预期。因此，国家一直在积极调整生育的政策导向，学术界也在为生育支持作出对策建议和实现机制。学界从福利社会学的角度出发，提出了“生育福利”这一概念，但有关生育福利的研究对象更多侧重于我国的职业女性，制定的政策以及提供的资源也大多为其准备，较少研究我国非职业女性这一群体的生育福利。与职业女性相比，我国非职业女性只能通过参保来获取部分生育福利，鉴于此，运用福利多元化的理论建构分析问题的主要框架，即从国家、社会组织和家庭多个方面，对我国非职业女性的生育福利的支持现状、存在的问题以及改进建议等进行研究，以期能够促进我国生育福利的全面性、连续性和稳定性发展。

Abstract: In recent years, the fertility rate of Chinese population has been in a continuous downturn, and the policy objectives expected to be achieved in the context of the “comprehensive three-child” policy have not been met. Therefore, the state has been actively adjusting the policy orientation of fertility, and academics have been making countermeasure suggestions and realization mechanisms for fertility support. From the perspective of welfare sociology, academics have put forward the concept of “maternity welfare”, but research on maternity welfare focuses more on China’s working women, and most of the policies and resources formulated and provided are intended for them, with fewer studies on the maternity welfare of China’s non-working women as a group. Compared with professional women, non-professional women in China can only obtain part of the maternity benefits through insurance. In view of this, the main framework for analyzing the problem is constructed by applying the theory of welfare diversification, i.e., the current situation of support for the maternity benefits of non-professional women in China from the state, social organizations and the family, the existing problems and the suggestions for improvement, with a view to promoting the comprehensive, continuous and stable development of maternity benefits in China.