大学生学业压力与抑郁情绪的相关性研究

A Study on the Correlation between Academic Pressure and Depression among College Students

摘要: 目的：探究大学生学业压力与抑郁情绪的关系，为大学生心理健康提供有益参考。方法：使用具有全国代表性的2018年中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS2018)，采用流调中心抑郁自评量表(CESD-8)测量在读大学生的抑郁情绪，并通过Logistic模型检验大学生学业压力与抑郁情绪的相关关系。结果：被调查大学生的抑郁检出率为18.65%。不同学习压力组的大学生抑郁情绪检出率存在显著差异(χ² = 18.898, P = 0.001)，学业压力最高和次高组中抑郁情绪检出率分别为42.11%和26.85%。大学生学业压力与情绪低落(r = 0.143, P < 0.05)、做事费劲(r = 0.165, P < 0.05)、睡眠不好(r = 0.135, P < 0.05)、生活快乐(反向，r = 0.114，P < 0.05)和悲伤难过(r = 0.093, P < 0.05)显著相关。大学生学业压力(B = 0.559; OR = 1.748, 95%CI: 1.259~2.428)显著预测抑郁情绪的检出。相关因素中，午休(B = −0.550; OR = 0.577, 95%CI: 0.337~0.988)、自评健康(B = −0.345; OR = 0.708, 95%CI: 0.506~0.990)和自评优秀(B = −0.414; OR = 0.661, 95%CI: 0.419~1.043)是大学生抑郁情绪的保护因素。结论：大学生抑郁情绪检出率较高，学业压力是大学生抑郁情绪的关键预测因素。应当正确缓解大学生的学业压力，打破学业压力造成抑郁情绪进而又使得大学生学习低效的恶性循环。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the relationship between academic stress and depression among college students and provide helpful references for their mental health. Methods: Using nationally representative data from the 2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-8) was used to measure depression among college students, and logistic regression models were used to test the relationship between academic stress and depression. Results: The detection rate of depression among college students was 18.65%. The detection rate of depression among different academic stress groups had a significant difference (χ² = 18.898, P = 0.001), with 42.11% and 26.85% in the highest and second-highest academic stress groups, respectively. Academic stress was significantly correlated with low mood (r = 0.143, P < 0.05), difficulty in completing tasks (r = 0.165, P < 0.05), poor sleep (r = 0.135, P < 0.05), happiness (inverse indicator r = 0.114, P < 0.05), and sadness (r = 0.093, P < 0.05). Academic stress was a significant predictor of depression detection (B = 0.559; OR = 1.748, 95%CI: 1.259~2.428). Factors such as taking a nap (B = −0.550; OR = 0.577, 95%CI: 0.337~0.988), self-rated health (B = −0.345; OR = 0.708, 95%CI: 0.506~0.990), and self-rated excellence (B = −0.414; OR = 0.661, 95%CI: 0.419~1.043) were protective factors against depression among college students. Conclusion: The detection rate of depression among college students is high, and academic stress is a key predictor of depression. It is necessary to correctly relieve academic stress among college students and break the vicious cycle of academic stress leading to depression and then low academic performance.