柳杉叶挥发油化学成分GC-MS分析及抗菌活性研究

GC-MS Analysis of Chemical Constituents and Antibacterial Activity of Volatile Oil from Cryptomeria fortunei Leaves

摘要: 为建立气相–质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分析柳杉叶挥发油成分，并研究柳杉叶挥发油的抗菌活性。本研究以柳杉叶为材料，采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取柳杉叶挥发油；以三种常见细菌和一种植物病原真菌为作用对象，利用梯度稀释法对柳杉叶挥发油进行抗菌活性研究；利用GC-MS分析鉴定柳杉叶挥发油的主要化学成分，并且运用峰面积归一法确定各个成分的含量。研究结果表明：柳杉叶挥发油对产气肠杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和尖孢镰刀菌均有一定的抑制作用，其中对0.8 g∙mL⁻¹尖孢镰刀菌的抗菌率为39.8%；柳杉叶挥发油的主要化学成分为萜类和醇类，含量较多的是(−)-扁枝烯(24.81%)、榄香醇(16.91%)、表桉叶油醇(8.72%)、α-蒎烯(7.06%)、β-芬兰烯(6.71%)、D-柠檬烯(4.81%)。因此，柳杉叶挥发油具有抗菌作用，萜类可能是主要有效抗菌成分。

Abstract: In order to establish a gas phase mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique for the analysis of volatile oil components of Cryptomeria fortunei leaves and to study the antibacterial activity of the volatile oil. In this study, the volatile oil of Cryptomeria fortunei leaves was extracted by steam distillation, and the antibacterial activity of the volatile oil was studied by gradient dilution method with three common bacteria and one plant pathogen fungus as the target. The main chemical components of the volatile oil of Cryptomeria fortunei leaves were identified by GC-MS, and the content of each component was determined by peak area normalization method. The results showed that the volatile oil of Cryptomeria fortunei leaves had certain inhibitory effects on Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Fusarium oxysporum, and the antibacterial rate against 0.8 g·mL⁻¹ Fusarium oxysporum was 39.8%. The main components of the volatile oil of Cryptomeria fortunei leaves were terpenes and alcohols, the most abundant of which were (−)-platydene (24.81%), elemenol (16.91%), eutectol (8.72%), α-pinene (7.06%), β-Finlanene (6.71%) and D-limonene (4.81%). Therefore, the volatile oil of Cryptomeria fortunei leaves has antibacterial effect, and terpenoids may be the main effective antibacterial components.