论七日无理由退货制度的线下交易场景拓展

On the Expansion of Offline Trading Scenarios of the Seven-Day No-Reason Return System

摘要: 尽管《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》(以下简称《消法》)将七日无理由退货制度的适用场景明确限定于线上交易场景中，但部分地方性法规和规范性文件进一步将其拓展至线下交易场景之中。依据法律效力层级理论，地方性法规和规范性文件的效力显然要低于国家层面的《消法》。地方规范与国家法律间的冲突，可经由法解释学方法消解。在文义解释上，《消法》第25条中的“等”字隐含着七日无理由退货制度适用场景朝向线下交易拓展的语义；在目的解释上，将适用场景拓展至线下交易亦不违背立法者意图。但是，解释论的结果并不意味着七日无理由退货制度可适用于线下交易场景中的任何交易类型，唯有那些存在信息不对称进而影响消费者交易决策能力的线下交易类型，方得引入七日无理由退货制度。

Abstract: Although the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests (hereinafter referred to as the “Consumer Protection Law”) clearly limits the applicable scenarios of the seven-day unreasonable return system to the online transaction scenario, some local regulations and normative documents further expand it to the offline transaction scenario. According to the theory of hierarchy of legal effect, the effectiveness of local regulations and normative documents is obviously lower than that of “Consumer Protection Law” at the national level. The conflict between local norms and national laws can be resolved by the method of legal hermeneutics. In terms of literal interpretation, the word “equal” in Article 25 of the “Consumer Protection Law” implies the semantics of the application scenario of the seven-day no-reason return system towards offline transactions. In terms of purpose interpretation, extending the applicable scenario to offline transactions does not violate the legislator’s intention. However, the result of the interpretation theory does not mean that the seven-day no-reason return system can be applied to any type of transaction in the offline transaction scenario. Only those types of offline transactions that have information asymmetry and affect consumers’ decision-making ability can introduce the seven-day no-reason return system.