个人破产背景下的刑法规制路径完善

Improvement of Criminal Law Regulation Path under the Background of Personal Bankruptcy

摘要: 当前我国破产法律制度正处于重要的变革时期，个人破产制度建构是破产制度变革中最受关注的问题之一。2020年5月11日，中共中央、国务院在《关于新时代加快完善社会主义市场经济体制的意见》中正式提出，推动个人破产立法。个人破产制度建构将扩展破产法的作用范围。破产法将进一步在社会保障、经济发展发挥保障性作用。在这一背景下，刑法对规范妨害破产行为、维护社会经济秩序具有重要意义。刑法作为各个部门的保障法，应积极回应破产法制度的变革。本文主要围绕在当前个人破产背景下，债务人、债权人、破产事务执行人可能存在的妨害破产行为，以及针对这些行为，借鉴国外现有立法，提出符合我国当前情形的相关应对措施。

Abstract: The bankruptcy legal system of our country is in an important reform period at present. The construction of personal bankruptcy system is one of the most concerned issues in the reform of bankruptcy system. On May 11, 2020, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council officially proposed in the “Opinions on Accelerating the Improvement of the Socialist Market Economic System in the New Era”, promoting personal bankruptcy legislation. The construction of personal bankruptcy system will expand the scope of function of the bankruptcy law. The bankruptcy law will further play a protective role in social security and economic development. In this context, the criminal law is of great significance in regulating the acts of impeding bankruptcy and maintaining the social and economic order. As the protection law of various departments, criminal law should actively respond to the reform of bankruptcy law system. This paper focuses on possible obstructive bankruptcy behaviors of debtors, creditors, and bankruptcy executors in the current context of personal bankruptcy, and proposes relevant countermeasures that are in line with the current situation in China by drawing on existing foreign legislation to address these behaviors.