标题:
社会排斥后的认知反应Cognitive Reactions after Social Exclusion
作者:
金静, 胡金生
关键字:
社会排斥, 认知, 归属需要Social Exclusion; Cognition; The Need to Belong
期刊名称:
《Advances in Psychology》, Vol.4 No.1, 2014-01-15
摘要:
社会排斥会阻碍归属需要，使被排斥者通过改变认知进行应对。社会排斥后的认知反应主要包括：为了满足归属需要而产生的趋近性认知反应，例如，社会信息关注、积极情绪信息偏好、温暖事物偏爱，以及传统家庭角色观念增强、宗教依附性增加、金钱意识激发等社会认知偏移；为了避免归属需要受到更多损害而产生的逃避性认知反应，表现为痛觉麻木、敌意激活与认知解体；对其他竞争性认知过程的抑制，其解释涉及情绪抑制和契约打破两种观点。未来，该领域的研究应该提高实验范式的生态效度、重视个体差异的研究、加强认知调节策略的探索，推进多水平研究。Social exclusion thwarts the basic human need to belong, triggering a variety of cognitive coping reactions. The cognitive reactions after social exclusion include: First, the cognition that helps to meet the belonging need is approached, such as concerning social information, tuning to positivity, preferring warm stuff as well as fortifying traditional family roles, increasing religious affiliation and enhancing money consciousness. Second, excluded people may avoid the cognition that threatens the need to belong, in the form of pain-numbing, hostile cognitive bias and the cognitive deconstruction state. Last, other competitive cognition processes will be suppressed which can be explained by the hypothesis of emotion suppression or bargain break. More ecological paradigms need to be developed; individual differences should be emphasized in future studies. Research on cognitive regulation strategy and multilevel studies is also the possible direction.