标题:
青海云杉引种驯化及遗传效应早期评价Introduction, Domestication and Early Evaluation on Heredity Effects of Picea crassifolia
作者:
兰士波
关键字:
青海云杉, 引种驯化, 早期评价, 遗传效应, 遗传增益, 遗传力Picea crassifolia; Introduction and Domestication; Early Evaluation; Heredity Effects; Genetic Gain; Heritability
期刊名称:
《Hans Journal of Agricultural Sciences》, Vol.3 No.2, 2013-06-18
摘要:
青海云杉(Picea crassifolia Kom.)是中国青藏高原东北边缘的特有种，生态适应性强，应用价值广泛。为了丰富我国高寒地区用材林树种资源的遗传多样性，遵循供种区与引种区环境条件相似之原则，根据引种区土壤、植被分布、地形地貌及地理位置等主要环境条件，兼顾全年明显干湿季节交替的自然气候，确定与之相适应的青藏高原为供种区。以青海云杉为引种栽培对象，在引种驯化的基础上，系统开展家系子代的生长节律、生态适应性和抗逆性分析，综合评价了早期生长表现、遗传力和遗传增益等遗传参量的遗传效应。结果表明：青海云杉苗期的生长趋势与乡土树种红皮云杉基本一致，能较快地适应新的生态环境，但是，生长性状存在一定的变异，其中：苗高性状变异较小，地径性状变异较大，平均变异系数分别为22.71%和53.22%。青海云杉的遗传力较强，遗传增益较高，遗传效应显著，苗高和地径2个性状的遗传力分别为0.644和0.906，遗传增益分别为11.69%及38.58%。
Picea crassifolia is the endemic species from the northeast edge of the Tibetan Plateau, which has strong adaptability and widely application value. In order to enrich the resources of wood species in the cold area, following resemble principle between the environmental conditions of seed zone and introduction area. The areas introducing fine varieties in the cold area confirm to regard the suitable Tibetan Plateau as the area of origin according to its own natural alternation in climate between wet and dry, soil, vegetation distribution, landform and the general configuration of the earth’s surface, geographical position and the other main environmental situations. Picea crassifolia was employed to analyze and evaluate the growth rhythm, the ecological adaptability, the resistance early growth traits, the heritability, genetic gain and heterosis on the heredity effects. The results showed that the growth trend of Picea crassifolia is in accordance with Picea koraiensis Nakai during the period of seedling cultivation, and it can adapt to the new ecological environment. The coefficients of variance of seedling height (22.71%) were small, but its seedling diameter (53.22%) were larger among families. Meanwhile, its growth character had strong heritability, high genetic gain, and re- markable heredity effects. The heritability of seedling height and diameter were 0.644 and 0.906, and the genetic gains were 11.69% and 38.58%, respectively.