标题:
经济分配中公平因素的心理学研究现状评述A Review on Research of Fairness Concerns in Economic Distribution
作者:
曹智鹏
关键字:
最后通牒博弈, 独裁者博弈, 经济分配, 公平Ultimatums Game, Dictator Game, Economic Distribution, Fairness
期刊名称:
《Advances in Psychology》, Vol.5 No.4, 2015-04-09
摘要:
经济学中的经典的理性人假设认为，人都希望以尽可能少的付出，获得最大限度的收获。然而行为经济学中经典的最后通牒博弈、独裁者博弈等实验的结果显示了人们在经济分配中不一定都服从理性人假设，作出了非“理性”的选择，他们似乎厌恶不公平的分配，甚至宁愿牺牲自己的利益惩罚不公平的行为。本文主要介绍了行为实验和神经科学实验中使用的最后通牒博弈、独裁者博弈及其主要结果。The hypothesis of rational economic man in classical economics assumes that people always want to maximize their gains and minimize their losses. However, the behavioral results of classical paradigms in behavioral economics like Ultimatum Game and Dictator Game have suggested that people's behaviors in economic distribution are not in line with the rational assumption, and they are likely to make irrational choices. People tend to avoid unfairness in distribution, and even pu-nish unfairness proposers at the cost of their benefits. The present paper reviews the use of Ulti-matum Game and Dictator Game in the psychology and neuroscience studies and relevant results.