在医学实验的背后——霍桑短篇《海德格医生的实验》之原型解读

Behind the Medical Experiment—An Archetypal Reading of Hawthorne’s “Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment”

摘要: 霍桑的短篇小说《海德格医生的实验》描述了一场四位老人饮用回春泉水实现时光倒流的实验，其主导者海德格医生自始至终展现出一副智者的姿态。如果借用荣格的智慧老人、人格面具及阴影三种原型细读故事，便可以看出海德格医生借智慧老人的伪装，逃避真实自我、把自身欲望投射在他人身上的阴暗内心。霍桑的这部短篇小说向世人指出正视自我、实现个性化的重要性。

Abstract: “Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment”, a short story written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, tells about Doctor Heidegger’s experiment in which four old people travel back to their youth by drinking the Foun-tain of Youth. By referring to three Jungian archetypes, the wise old man, the persona and the shadow, this essay argues that, beneath the appearance of a wise man, Dr. Heidegger is characte-ristic of the darker human side which is shown in his attempts to escape from his real self and project his own desires onto other people. Through this short story, Hawthorne reminds the readers of the importance of self-confrontation and individuation.