高密度人口区域水体中金属离子含量分布及其与热水器寿命的潜在关联

Distribution of Metal Ion Content in Water Bodies in High-Density Population Areas and Its Potential Association with Water Heater Life

摘要: 中国中东部是人口密集区，水资源非常紧缺，居民的生活用水主要依赖于自来水。不同地区的水质差异性明显，自来水的水质参数的不同直接导致一些地区的热水器寿命极短，本文以高密度人口区域自来水为研究对象，通过分析自来水中的金属离子种类和含量，尝试探讨其对热水器寿命的影响。用ICP-AES法测定了9个省份31个市区的155份自来水中的Cu、Co、Cr、Cd、Ni、Mn、Pb、Zn等8种金属离子的含量。结果表明测试地区的水样中金属离子的浓度均符合GB5749-2006标准，浓度分布无明显规律。通过主成分分析发现，自来水中的金属离子大多来源于工业废水、化肥和农药以及河流中的船只的汽油燃烧产物等。自来水中的金属离子与热水器的损坏率没有显著的相关性，但对内胆不锈钢的损坏作用不能忽略。

Abstract: Central and eastern China is a densely populated area with very scarce water resources. The resi-dents’ daily water consumption mainly depends on tap water. The water quality difference in dif-ferent areas is obvious. The difference of water quality parameters of tap water directly leads to the extremely short life of water heaters in some areas. This paper collects tap water in high-density population as the research object. By analyzing the metal ion types and contents in tap water, the paper tries to explore its impact on water heater’s life. The contents of 8 kinds of metal ions such as Cu, Co, Cr, Cd, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn in 155 tap waters of 31 urban areas in 9 provinces were determined by ICP-AES. The results show that the concentration of metal ions in the water samples is in line with the GB5749-2006 standard, and the concentration distribution has no obvious law. Principal component analysis found that most of the metal ions in tap water are derived from industrial wastewater, fertilizers and pesticides, as well as the combustion products of gasoline in ships in riv-ers. There is no significant correlation between the metal ions in the tap water and the damage rate of the water heater, but the damage to the inner stainless steel cannot be ignored.