# 聚变堆液态金属包层MHD流动和传热数值模拟程序开发与验证Development and Validation of Numerical Simulation Program for MHD Flow and Heat Transfer in Liquid Metal Blanket of Fusion Reactor

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The effect of magnetohydrodynamic effect on the flow and heat transfer of liquid metal in liquid blanket of fusion reactor is studied. A numerical simulation program of MHD flow and heat transfer distribution is developed. The flow and heat transfer phenomena in liquid blanket of fusion reactor are simulated by numerical method. The numerical simulation program is based on the four-step projection method to calculate the flow field distribution in the blanket under strong magnetic field. The temperature distribution is obtained by using the finite volume method. The results of numerical simulation are verified by standard examples and energy conservation methods. It provides a reference for the study of the flow and heat transfer characteristics of liquid metals in the blanket of fusion reactor.

1. 引言

2. 控制方程与数值方法

2.1. 控制方程

$\nabla \cdot u=0$ (1)

$\frac{\partial u}{\partial t}+u\cdot \nabla u=-\nabla p+\frac{1}{Re}\nabla \cdot \left(\nabla u\right)+N\left(J×B\right)$ (2)

${\nabla }^{2}\varphi =\nabla \cdot \left(u×B\right)$ (3)

$\frac{\partial T}{\partial t}+\nabla \cdot \left(uT\right)=\frac{1}{Pe}{\nabla }^{2}T+EcN{J}^{2}+\Phi$ (4)

p——压力；

B——磁感应强度；

J——电流密度；

T——温度。

2.2. 数值方法

Figure 1. Structural sketch of discrete grid

$\int \frac{\partial T}{\partial t}\text{d}v+\int \nabla \cdot \left(uT\right)\text{d}v=\left[\frac{1}{Pe}\int {\nabla }^{2}T\text{d}v+\int \left(EcN{J}^{2}+\Phi \right)\text{d}v\right]$ (5)

$\int \frac{\partial T}{\partial t}\text{d}v=\frac{T-{T}^{0}}{\Delta t}$ (6)

$\begin{array}{l}\int {\nabla }^{2}T\text{d}v=\left(\frac{{T}_{i+1,j,k}-{T}_{i,j,k}}{{x}_{i+1,j,k}-{x}_{i,j,k}}-\frac{{T}_{i,j,k}-{T}_{i-1,j,k}}{{x}_{i,j,k}-{x}_{i-1,j,k}}\right)\Delta y\Delta z+\left(\frac{{T}_{i,j+1,k}-{T}_{i,j,k}}{{y}_{i,j+1,k}-{y}_{i,j,k}}-\frac{{T}_{i,j,k}-{T}_{i,j-1,k}}{{y}_{i,j,k}-{y}_{i,j-1,k}}\right)\Delta x\Delta z\\ \text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}+\left(\frac{{T}_{i,j,k+1}-{T}_{i,j,k}}{{z}_{i,j,k+1}-{z}_{i,j,k}}-\frac{{T}_{i,j,k}-{T}_{i,j,k-1}}{{z}_{i,j,k}-{z}_{i,j,k-1}}\right)\Delta x\Delta y\end{array}$ (7)

$\int \nabla \cdot \left(uT\right)\text{d}v=\left(u{f}_{i+1,j,k}{T}_{i,j,k}-u{f}_{i-1,j,k}{T}_{i-1,j,k}\right)\Delta y\Delta z$ (8)

$\int \left(EcN{J}^{2}+\Phi \right)\text{d}v=\left(EcN{J}^{2}+\Phi \right)\Delta x\Delta y\Delta z$ (9)

2.3. 边界条件

Figure 2. Internal structure of ITER vacuum vessel

$\begin{array}{l}\frac{\text{d}T}{\text{d}x}=0\\ \frac{\text{d}T}{\text{d}y}=0\\ \frac{\text{d}T}{\text{d}z}=0\end{array}$ (10)

3. 结果与讨论

Figure 3. Grid independence verification result

3.1. 速度分布

(a) (b)

Figure 4. Shercliff’s case results (Ha = 500, Re = 10); (a) Three dimensional velocity distribution of a cross section at x = 3.0; (b) Compare between numerical results and analytical results

(a) (b)

Figure 5. Hunt’s case results (Ha = 1000, Re = 500); (a) Three dimensional velocity distribution of a cross section at x = 3.0; (b) Compare between numerical results and analytical results

Table 1. Pressure gradient and flow rate for Shercliff’s case and Hunt’s case

3.2. 温度分布

$\Phi \cdot V=\sum \rho {c}_{p}u\left({T}_{out}-{T}_{in}\right)\Delta y\Delta z$ (11)

$V$ ——流道体积；

$\rho$ ——密度；

cp——比热容；

Tin——入口温度；

Tout——出口温度。

$\Delta \epsilon =\frac{|\Phi \cdot V-\sum \rho {c}_{p}u\left({T}_{out}-{T}_{in}\right)\Delta y\Delta z|}{\Phi \cdot V}$ (12)

Figure 6. Temperature distribution of Hunt case: Ha = 1000, Re = 500

4. 结论

NOTES

*通讯作者。

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