楚越民族文化融合的考古学考察——以东周时期湖南楚墓出土的鸟形器物为中心

An Archaeological Investigation of the Cultural Integration of Chu Yue Ethnic Groups in Chu Graveyard of Hunan—Centered on the Bird-Shaped Artifacts Unearthed from Chu Tombs in Hunan during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty

摘要: 楚越民族是东周时期南方的两大民族，有着丰富灿烂的民族文化遗产。东周时期是民族文化大融合的历史时期，湖南是越文化的集中区域。楚文化进入湖南地区之后，楚越民族文化开始融合。鸟是越文化的典型代表器物之一，从湖南出土的鸟形器物可以看出，以鸟形器物为代表的越文化逐渐融入到楚文化中，楚文化则吸收了越文化鸟形器物的特征，逐渐形成了独具特色的楚文化的鸟形器物。湖南地区从1951年到2016年共发掘楚墓约8000座，其中出土鸟形器物的墓葬数约148座，出土鸟形器物的总数约300件。以鸟形器物为研究楚越民族文化融合的中心，可以从物质层面上动态地折射出楚越民族文化自然融合的特征。

Abstract: The Chu Yue people are two major ethnic groups in the South during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, and they have rich and splendid national cultural heritage. The Eastern Zhou period was a historical period of great integration of national culture, and Hunan was a concentrated area of Vietnamese culture. After Chu culture entered the Hunan area, Chu Yue’s national culture began to merge. Birds are one of the typical representative artifacts of the Yue culture. As can be seen from the bird-shaped artifacts unearthed in Hunan, the Yue culture represented by the bird-shaped artifacts gradually integrated into the Chu culture, and the Chu culture absorbed the characteristics of the bird-shaped artifacts of the Yue culture, gradually formed unique bird-shaped utensils of Chu culture. A total of about 8,000 Chu tombs were excavated in Hunan from 1951 to 2016. Among them, there were about 148 tombs with unearthed bird-shaped objects, and a total of about 300 unearthed bird-shaped objects. Taking bird-shaped utensils as the center for studying the cultural integration of Chu-Yue ethnic group can dynamically reflect the characteristics of the natural fusion of Chu-Yue ethnic culture from the material level.