均衡饮食戏剧应用于儿童营养教育之成效

Effects of Balanced-Diet Dramatic Performance Application of Children’s Nutrition Education

摘要: 本研究目的在于探讨均衡饮食戏剧介入营养教育，对国小儿童饮食行为之影响。采用前测与后测试验设计，对国小二年级儿童介入团体戏剧式营养教育，介入前、后一个月与后六个月分别给予自编问卷，评估学童之均衡饮食营养知識与食物认知等行为。学童样本数为1755人，前后测问卷有效平均回收率为68%。结果显示均衡饮食戏剧的介入显著改变儿童在生活习惯、饮食行为与营养知识的表现(p < 0.05)，且显著差异持续至介入后六个月。均衡饮食戏剧介入前，儿童在全谷杂粮类、水果类、豆鱼蛋肉类、油脂与坚果种子类和蔬菜类等食物认知能力，正确率分别为3.2%、75.4%、38.7%、13.8%与12.9%。在介入一个月后与六个月后，全谷杂粮类、水果类、豆鱼蛋肉类、蔬菜类食物认知能力上，答对率显著增加至18.3%与7.5%、82.2%与84.1%、51.5%与53.8%、40.0%与31.4% (p < 0.05)。在介入一个月后，油脂与坚果种子类食物认知正确率显著增加为20.6% (p < 0.05)，在介入六个月后无显著差异。研究结论为均衡饮食戏剧模式对儿童营养教育具有长期记忆的效果，且经由广义估计方程式分析发现营养知识显著影响儿童对食物的认知能力。

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of balanced diet drama intervention in nutrition education on the die-tary behavior of elementary school children. Using a pre-test and post- test design, the second graders of elementary school were given self-made questionnaires before, one month and six months after the intervention to evaluate the nutritional knowledge and food cognition. The sample number of schoolchildren was 1755, and the average recovery rate of valid questionnaires was 68%. After the intervention of balanced-diet dramatic performance, there was significant differences on eating habit, life habit, nutritional knowledge and food cognition in tested students (p < 0.05), and the significant differences persisted to six months after the intervention. Before the intervention, the correct rates of food cognition in tested student on whole grains, fruits, the group of oils, fats, nuts and seeds, the group of Legumes, fish, eggs and meat, vegetables were 3.2%, 75.4%, 38.7%, 13.8%, and 12.9%, respectively. After one month and six months of intervention, the cognitive cor-rect rates in tested student on whole grains, fruits, the group of Legumes, fish, eggs and meat, and vegetables increased significantly to 18.3% and 7.5%, 82.2% and 84.1%, and 51.5% and 51.5%. 53.8%, 40.0% and 31.4% (p < 0.05). After one month of intervention, the cognitive correct rate of the group of oils, nuts and seeds was significantly increased to 20.6% (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference after six months of intervention. Our data suggested that balanced-diet dra-matic performance had long-term memory effect on nutrition education of children. Through gen-eralized estimating equation analysis, it was found that nutritional knowledge significantly affects children’s cognitive ability of food.