历史人物纪录片的文学叙事策略与文化记忆建构研究

Study on Literary Narrative Strategies and Cultural Memory Construction in Historical Figure Documentaries

摘要: 当下历史人物纪录片创作面临双重挑战，要保证历史信息的准确传递，也要满足现代观众的审美需求，当代的历史人物纪录片由于影像资料时代的限制，无法完整重现当时人物生活或是原有相貌，大多通过扮演、重塑的方式来呈现，纪录片的核心内涵在于真实，因此历史人物纪录片苦难之处在于要寻求真实与扮演之间的微妙平衡。随着观众审美需求的不断增加，纪录片也需要在其真实性的基础上不断发展，从简单地记录事实延展到故事性与画面美感并存。研究着重分析历史人物纪录片的文学叙事策略与文化记忆建构，探讨叙事手段如何层层推进文化记忆的沉淀过程。纪录片创作者通过场景再造与情感共振，唤醒观众对历史人物的认知，在代际传承中强化集体身份认同，能够为文化记忆的当代转化提供实践参考。

Abstract: Contemporary historical documentary creation faces a dual challenge: ensuring the accurate transmission of historical information while meeting the aesthetic demands of modern audiences. Due to the limitations of the era of visual materials, contemporary historical documentaries cannot fully recreate the life or original appearance of historical figures and often rely on reenactment and reconstruction to present them. The core essence of documentaries lies in their authenticity, and thus, the difficulty for historical documentaries is to find a subtle balance between authenticity and portrayal. As audience aesthetic demands continue to grow, documentaries also need to evolve on the basis of their authenticity, expanding from simple fact recording to the coexistence of storytelling and visual aesthetics. The study focuses on analyzing the literary narrative strategies and cultural memory construction in historical documentaries, exploring how narrative techniques can gradually advance the sedimentation process of cultural memory. Documentary creators, through scene reconstruction and emotional resonance, awaken the audience’s recognition of historical figures, strengthening collective identity in generational inheritance, and can provide practical references for the contemporary transformation of cultural memory.