融合“中央–分站”架构与555时基电路的城市路灯智能管控系统研究

Research on Urban Street Light Intelligent Management and Control System Integrating “Central-Substation” Architecture and 555 Time-Based Circuit

摘要: 针对传统城市路灯人工管理模式能耗高、运维效率低、故障响应滞后，难以适配城市化发展需求的问题，本文设计了一套基于光电传感器与继电器控制的低成本路灯自动控制系统。系统采用“中央–分站”二级分布式架构，集成遥测、遥信、遥控、遥调功能，可实时采集供电与照明回路参数、监测设备状态、远程调节关键参数，实现道路、景观等多场景照明精细化管控。光控电路以MG44型硫化镉光敏电阻搭配555时基电路构成滞后比较器，完成“天黑亮灯、天亮关灯”自适应控制；控制执行采用继电器–接触器组合方案，兼顾操作安全与低功耗。该系统结构简洁、易实现，适用于中小城市路灯新建与老旧改造，为路灯系统智能化转型及市政基础设施现代化提供技术支撑。

Abstract: Aiming at the problems of traditional manual management of urban street lights, such as high energy consumption, low operation and maintenance efficiency, lag in fault response, and difficulty in adapting to the needs of urbanization development, this paper designed a low-cost street light automatic control system based on photoelectric sensors and relay control. The system adopts a “central substation” two-level distributed architecture, integrating telemetry, remote signaling, remote control, and remote adjustment functions. It can collect power supply and lighting circuit parameters in real time, monitor equipment status, and remotely adjust key parameters so as to achieve fine control of lighting in multiple scenes such as roads and landscapes. The light control circuit uses an MG44 cadmium sulfide photoresistor and a 555 time base circuit to form a hysteresis comparator to complete the adaptive control of “lights on at dark and lights off at dawn”; the control execution adopts a relay-contactor combination scheme, taking into account operational safety and low power consumption. The system structure is simple and easy to implement, which is suitable for the new construction and old transformation of street lamps in small and medium-sized cities, and provides technical support for the intelligent transformation of the street lamp system and the modernization of municipal infrastructure.