青少年家庭功能、社会支持和压力之间的关系：人格的调节效应
The Relationship between Family Functioning, Social Support and Stress in Adolescents: A Moderating Effect of Personality
DOI: 10.12677/ap.2024.1411783, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 李嘉莹*, 林芷贝*, 孙齐泰, 刘 嫦, 符慧桢, 李 芸#：广州医科大学卫生管理学院，广东 广州；郝 爽：广东第二师范学院番禺附属初级中学，广东 广州
关键词: 家庭功能；社会支持；压力；人格；青少年；Family Functioning； Social Support； Stress； Personality； Adolescent
摘要: 目的：本研究的目的是构建一个包括人格特质调节作用的中介模型，以探讨青少年家庭功能、社会支持和压力的影响和机制。方法：2021年7月至9月进行全国横断面调查，从中国居民心理学与行为调查数据库中收集了1064份12~18岁青少年的有效数据。通过相关性分析、中介效应分析和调节效应分析构建家庭功能、社会支持、压力和大五人格的理论模型。结果：家庭功能对压力有显著的负向预测作用，社会支持在家庭功能和压力之间起中介作用。外倾性和开放性正向调节家庭功能和社会支持的关系，宜人性、神经质和尽责性则是负向调节。结论：健康的家庭功能能够降低青少年压力水平，并通过增强社会支持的正向作用来间接减轻压力，其中外倾性和开放性人格特质对家庭功能和社会支持关系的调节作用尤为显著。
Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to construct a mediation model that included the moderating role of personality traits to explore the effects and mechanisms of adolescent family functioning, social support, and stress. Methods: A national cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to September 2021. Valid data from 1064 adolescents aged 12~18 years were collected from the Chinese Psychological and Behavior Survey Database. The theoretical model of family function, social support, stress, and Big Five personality was constructed by correlation analysis, mediating effect analysis, and moderating effect analysis. Results: Family function had a significant negative predictive effect on stress, and social support played a mediating role between family function and stress. Extraversion and openness positively moderated the relationship between family function and social support, while agreeableness, neuroticism, and conscientiousness negatively moderated the relationship between family function and social support. Conclusion: Healthy family functioning can reduce the stress level of adolescents and indirectly reduce stress by enhancing the positive effect of social support. Among them, extroversion and openness personality traits have a particularly significant moderating effect on the relationship between family functioning and social support.
文章引用：李嘉莹, 林芷贝, 郝爽, 孙齐泰, 刘嫦, 符慧桢, 李芸 (2024). 青少年家庭功能、社会支持和压力之间的关系：人格的调节效应. 心理学进展, 14(11), 201-213. https://doi.org/10.12677/ap.2024.1411783

参考文献

[1] 温忠麟, 叶宝娟(2014). 有调节的中介模型检验方法: 竞争还是替补? 心理学报, 46(5), 714-726.
[2] Aktekin, M., Karaman, T., Senol, Y. Y., Erdem, S., Erengin, H., & Akaydin, M. (2001). Anxiety, Depression and Stressful Life Events among Medical Students: A Prospective Study in Antalya, Türkiye. Medical Education, 35, 12-17.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[3] An, J., Zhu, X., Shi, Z., & An, J. (2024). A Serial Mediating Effect of Perceived Family Support on Psychological Well-Being. BMC Public Health, 24, Article No. 940.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[4] Andrade, D., Ribeiro, I. J. S., Prémusz, V., & Maté, O. (2023). Academic Burnout, Family Functionality, Perceived Social Support and Coping among Graduate Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20, Article No. 4832.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[5] Bandura, A. (2001). Social Cognitive Theory: An Agentic Perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 1-26.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[6] Beavers, R., & Hampson, R. B. (2000). The Beavers Systems Model of Family Functioning. Journal of Family Therapy, 22, 128-143.[CrossRef] 
[7] Biggs, B. K., Vernberg, E. M., & Wu, Y. P. (2012). Social Anxiety and Adolescents’ Friendships: The Role of Social Withdrawal. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 32, 802-823.[CrossRef] 
[8] Blumenthal, J. A., Burg, M. M., Barefoot, J., Williams, R. B., Haney, T., & Zimet, G. (1987). Social Support, Type a Behavior, and Coronary Artery Disease. Psychosomatic Medicine, 49, 331-340.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[9] Bogg, T., & Vo, P. T. (2014). Openness, Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, and Family Health and Aging Concerns Interact in the Prediction of Health-Related Internet Searches in a Representative U.S. Sample. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, Article No. 370.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[10] Boyes, M. E., Mah, M. A., & Hasking, P. (2023). Associations between Family Functioning, Emotion Regulation, Social Support, and Self-Injury among Emerging Adult University Students. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 32, 846-857.[CrossRef] 
[11] Branje, S. J. T., van Lieshout, C. F. M., & van Aken, M. A. G. (2005). Relations between Agreeableness and Perceived Support in Family Relationships: Why Nice People Are Not Always Supportive. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29, 120-128.[CrossRef] 
[12] Brown, B. B. (1990). Peer Groups and Peer Cultures. In The Threshold: The Developing Adolescent (Vol. 9, pp. 171-196). Harvard University.
[13] Bucher, M. A., Suzuki, T., & Samuel, D. B. (2019). A Meta-Analytic Review of Personality Traits and Their Associations with Mental Health Treatment Outcomes. Clinical Psychology Review, 70, 51-63.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[14] Carciofo, R., Yang, J., Song, N., Du, F., & Zhang, K. (2016). Psychometric Evaluation of Chinese-Language 44-Item and 10-Item Big Five Personality Inventories, Including Correlations with Chronotype, Mindfulness and Mind Wandering. PLOS ONE, 11, e0149963.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[15] Chen, J., Luo, M., Gan, L., Li, H., Liu, S., Ren, N. et al. (2024). The Association between Smoking and Family Health with the Mediation Role of Personality among Chinese People: Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Psychiatry, 24, Article No. 206.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[16] Crandall, A., Weiss-Laxer, N. S., Broadbent, E., Holmes, E. K., Magnusson, B. M., Okano, L. et al. (2020). The Family Health Scale: Reliability and Validity of a Short-and Long-Form. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, Article ID: 587125.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[17] Crowe, M. L., Lynam, D. R., & Miller, J. D. (2018). Uncovering the Structure of Agreeableness from Self‐Report Measures. Journal of Personality, 86, 771-787.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[18] Downey, G., & Coyne, J. C. (1990). Children of Depressed Parents: An Integrative Review. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 50-76.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[19] Epstein, N. B., Baldwin, L. M., & Bishop, D. S. (1983). The McMaster Family Assessment Device. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 9, 171-180.[CrossRef] 
[20] Fan, X. (2022). Unpacking the Association between Family Functionality and Psychological Distress among Chinese Left-Behind Children: The Mediating Role of Social Support and Internet Addiction. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19, Article No. 13327.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[21] Fengbo, L., Ning, L., & Yue, X. (2024). Impacts of Family Functioning on Social Avoidance and Distress among People with Disabilities: A Moderated Mediating Model. Current Psychology, 43, 21072-21082.[CrossRef] 
[22] Furnham, A., & Cheng, H. (2015). Early Indicators of Adult Trait Agreeableness. Personality and Individual Differences, 73, 67-71.[CrossRef] 
[23] Grotevant, H. D. (1997). Family Processes, Identity Development, and Behavioral Outcomes for Adopted Adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Research, 12, 139-161.[CrossRef] 
[24] Guo, J. (2024). A Study of the Relationship between Big Five Personality and Social Anxiety in Middle School Students: The Mediating Role of Evaluative Fear. Mental Health Education Ln Primary and Secondary School, 16, 18-23.
[25] Hao, R., Jiao, J., Liu, X., Zuo, J., Jin, H., Wu, Y. et al. (2024). The Effects of Big Five Personality Traits on Sub-Health in a Chinese Young Adults: A Moderated Mediation Model. Journal of Affective Disorders, 358, 335-341.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[26] Howlader, S., Abedin, S., & Rahman, M. M. (2024). Social Support, Distress, Stress, Anxiety, and Depression as Predictors of Suicidal Thoughts among Selected University Students in Bangladesh. PLOS Global Public Health, 4, e0002924.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[27] Huang, X. (2006). Stress, Coping, and the Well-Being Enterpriser. Journal of Southwest University (Social Sciences Edition), 32, 1-6.
[28] Igartua, J., & Hayes, A. F. (2021). Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: Concepts, Computations, and Some Common Confusions. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 24, e49.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[29] Indumathy, J. (2018). Family Connectedness and Neuroticism among Teenagers. IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences, 6, 955-959.
[30] Johnson, P. O., & Fay, L. C. (1950). The Johnson-Neyman Technique, Its Theory and Application. Psychometrika, 15, 349-367.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[31] Keeton, C. P., Ginsburg, G. S., Drake, K. L., Sakolsky, D., Kendall, P. C., Birmaher, B. et al. (2013). Benefits of Child-Focused Anxiety Treatments for Parents and Family Functioning. Depression and Anxiety, 30, 865-872.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[32] Li, G., Li, Y., Lam, A. I. F., Tang, W., Seedat, S., Barbui, C. et al. (2023). Understanding the Protective Effect of Social Support on Depression Symptomatology from a Longitudinal Network Perspective. BMJ Mental Health, 26, e300802.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[33] Liu, A., Yu, Y., & Sun, S. (2023). How is the Big Five Related to College Students’ Anxiety: The Role of Rumination and Resilience. Personality and Individual Differences, 200, Article 111901.[CrossRef] 
[34] Liu, X., & Huang, X. (2010). Social Support and Its Mechanism of Action on Mental Health. Journal of Psychological Science, 1, 3-8.
[35] Meiran, N., Diamond, G. M., Toder, D., & Nemets, B. (2011). Cognitive Rigidity in Unipolar Depression and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Examination of Task Switching, Stroop, Working Memory Updating and Post-Conflict Adaptation. Psychiatry Research, 185, 149-156.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[36] Olson, D. H. (2000). Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Systems. Journal of Family Therapy, 22, 144-167.[CrossRef] 
[37] Pallant, J. (2020). SPSS Survival Manual: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis Using IBM SPSS.
[38] Pan, Y. et al. (2021). Family Function, Loneliness, Emotion Regulation, and Hope in Secondary Vocational School Students: A Moderated Mediation Model. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, Article ID: 722276.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[39] Pauly, C., Ribeiro, F., Schröder, V. E., Pauly, L., Krüger, R., & Leist, A. K. (2021). The Moderating Role of Resilience in the Personality-Mental Health Relationship during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, Article ID: 745636.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[40] Pow, J., Lee-Baggley, D., & DeLongis, A. (2017). Who Is Most Likely to Seek and Give Support in the Face of Agentic and Communal Threat? The Roles of Extraversion and Agreeableness. Journal of Research in Personality, 70, 66-72.[CrossRef] 
[41] Racine, J. S. (2012). Rstudio: A Platform‐Independent IDE for R and Sweave. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 27, 167-172.[CrossRef] 
[42] Rodman, A. M., Vidal Bustamante, C. M., Dennison, M. J., Flournoy, J. C., Coppersmith, D. D. L., Nook, E. C. et al. (2021). A Year in the Social Life of a Teenager: Within-Persons Fluctuations in Stress, Phone Communication, and Anxiety and Depression. Clinical Psychological Science, 9, 791-809.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[43] Scardera, S., Perret, L. C., Ouellet-Morin, I., Gariépy, G., Juster, R., Boivin, M. et al. (2020). Association of Social Support during Adolescence with Depression, Anxiety, and Suicidal Ideation in Young Adults. JAMA Network Open, 3, e2027491.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[44] Shao, R., He, P., Ling, B., Tan, L., Xu, L., Hou, Y. et al. (2020). Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety and Correlations between Depression, Anxiety, Family Functioning, Social Support and Coping Styles among Chinese Medical Students. BMC Psychology, 8, Article No. 1.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[45] Sloss, I. M., Smith, J., Sebben, S., Wade, M., Prime, H., & Browne, D. T. (2024). Family Functioning in the Context of Current and Historical Stressors: Exploring the Buffering Role of Social Support. Child Abuse & Neglect, Article ID: 106711.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[46] Suls, J., & Martin, R. (2005). The Daily Life of the Garden‐Variety Neurotic: Reactivity, Stressor Exposure, Mood Spillover, and Maladaptive Coping. Journal of Personality, 73, 1485-1510.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[47] Tomás, J. M., Gutiérrez, M., Pastor, A. M., & Sancho, P. (2020). Perceived Social Support, School Adaptation and Adolescents’ Subjective Well-Being. Child Indicators Research, 13, 1597-1617.[CrossRef] 
[48] Triana, R., Keliat, B. A., Wardani, I. Y., Sulistiowati, N. M. D., & Veronika, M. A. (2019). Understanding the Protective Factors (Self-Esteem, Family Relationships, Social Support) and Adolescents’ Mental Health in Jakarta. Enfermería Clínica, 29, 629-633.[CrossRef] 
[49] Wang, J., & Zhao, X. (2012). Family Functioning and Social Support for Older Patients with Depression in an Urban Area of Shanghai, China. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 55, 574-579.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[50] Wang, K., Fu, J., Zhai, B., & Li, J. (2024). Relationship between Social Support Types and Mental Health in Older Adult. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 38, 510-512.
[51] Watkins, N. K., Salafia, C., & Ohannessian, C. M. (2022). Family Functioning and Anxiety Symptoms in Adolescents: The Moderating Role of Mindfulness. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 31, 1474-1488.[CrossRef] 
[52] Xu, J. (2005). Physical and Psychological Characteristics and Mental Health of Adolescents. Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science, 14, 100-101.
[53] Xu, J., & Wei, Y. (2013). Social Support as a Moderator of the Relationship between Anxiety and Depression: An Empirical Study with Adult Survivors of Wenchuan Earthquake. PLOS ONE, 8, e79045.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[54] Yan, W., Li, Y., & Sui, N. (2014). The Relationship between Recent Stressful Life Events, Personality Traits, Perceived Family Functioning and Internet Addiction among College Students. Stress and Health, 30, 3-11.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[55] Yang, C., Gao, H., Li, Y., Wang, E., Wang, N., & Wang, Q. (2022). Analyzing the Role of Family Support, Coping Strategies and Social Support in Improving the Mental Health of Students: Evidence from Post COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 1064898.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[56] Yang, L., & Wang, H. (2009). Correlation Research on Psychological Health Impact on Nursing Students against Stress, Coping Way and Social Support. Nurse Education Today, 29, 5-8.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[57] Yu, Z., Tang, W., & Ma, Y. (2021). Dual Roles of Task Difficulty and Personality Traits in Regulating the Effect of Anxiety on Attention Stability of Female College Students during Menstruation. China Journal of Health Psychology, 29, 575-580.
[58] Zhang, H., Cui, N., Chen, D., Zou, P., Shao, J., Wang, X. et al. (2021). Social Support, Anxiety Symptoms, and Depression Symptoms among Residents in Standardized Residency Training Programs: The Mediating Effects of Emotional Exhaustion. BMC Psychiatry, 21, Article No. 460.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[59] Zhang, Y., Hu, Y., & Yang, M. (2024). The Relationship between Family Communication and Family Resilience in Chinese Parents of Depressed Adolescents: A Serial Multiple Mediation of Social Support and Psychological Resilience. BMC Psychology, 12, Article No. 33.[CrossRef] [PubMed]