近60年北京市通州区蒸发皿蒸发量变化特征及影响因子分析

Analysis of Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Evaporative Capacity Changes in Tongzhou District, Beijing over the Past 60 Years

摘要: 蒸发是水循环的重要组成部分，对农作物土地改良、土壤水分调节、灌溉等方面具有重要意义。本文利用1955~2013年北京市通州区气象站20 cm口径蒸发皿蒸发量、气温、相对湿度、日照时数、降水、风速六类气象要素观测资料记录，用线性倾向估计方法分析相关气候要素变化，进一步采用完全相关系数法对蒸发皿蒸发量变化的影响因子筛选，由此获得通州区蒸发皿蒸发量气候变化特征及影响因素。研究发现，通州区年平均蒸发皿蒸发量为1952.4 mm，年最大蒸发皿蒸发量为2565.5 mm，年最小蒸发皿蒸发量为1431.4 mm。从春到冬四季蒸发皿蒸发量占比依次为24.1%、40.2%、25.1%、10.6%，蒸发皿蒸发量在夏季超过其他任何季节、秋季位列次席、而冬季蒸发量是最少的。4月至7月是蒸发皿蒸发量最为集中的时段，约占全年蒸发皿蒸发量的52.5 %，同时月变化具有明显的单峰特征。蒸发皿蒸发量下降趋势明显，1995年之前蒸发皿蒸发量的气候倾向率为−86.54 mm (10a)⁻¹，日照时数、平均风速是该阶段的主要影响因子，1995年之后为−155.70 mm (10a)⁻¹，平均风速是该阶段的主要影响因子。

Abstract: Evaporation is an important component of the water cycle, which is of great significance for crop land improvement, soil moisture regulation, irrigation, and other aspects. This article uses the observation data of six meteorological elements, including 20 cm diameter evaporation capacity, temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed, and daily range, from the Tongzhou District Meteorological Station in Beijing from 1955 to 2013. The linear tendency estimation method is used to analyze the changes in relevant climate elements, and the complete correlation coefficient method is further used to screen the influencing factors of evaporation capacity changes. Therefore, the climate change characteristics and influencing factors of evaporation capacity in Tongzhou District are obtained. Research has found that the average annual evaporation in Tongzhou District is 1952.4 mm, with a maximum annual evaporation of 2565.5 mm and a minimum annual evaporation of 1431.4 mm. The proportion of evaporation in the four seasons from spring to winter is 24.1%, 40.2%, 25.1%, and 10.6%, respectively. The evaporation in summer exceeds any other season, followed by autumn, while the evaporation in winter is the lowest. April to July is the period with the most concentrated evaporation, accounting for about 52.5% of the annual evaporation, and the monthly variation has a clear unimodal characteristic. The decreasing trend of evaporation capacity of evaporating dishes is obvious. Before 1995, the climate tendency rate of evaporation capacity of evaporating dishes was −86.54 mm (10a)⁻¹, and the sunshine hours and average wind speed were the main influencing factors in this stage. After 1995, it was −15.70 mm (10a)⁻¹, and the average wind speed was the main influencing factor in this stage.