富水砂层水砂溃涌灾变与溃涌灾害防治现状

The Status of Water-Sand Inrush Disasters in Water-Rich Sand Layers and the Current Prevention and Control of Inrush Disasters

摘要: 随着我国基础建设的不断增加和人类空间活动的扩大，潜在工程问题不断凸显，面临的各种地质灾害愈发复杂，富水砂层水砂溃涌灾害就是其中最为严重灾害之一。在能源开采以及地下工程建设中，往往会导致水砂混合体涌入工作面，造成溃水溃砂事故。此类事故的发生，严重影响工作生产的正常进行，同时严重威胁工作人员和生产设备的安全。目前水砂溃涌的灾变机理和预报机制虽有研究，但尚不能准确定量地预测灾害的类型和规模。水砂溃涌的预防和治理，对于保护工人生命安全和生产安全具有重要的意义。本文讨论了目前水砂溃涌的一些理论和机制，并给出一些可行的灾害预测、解决方案和对未来研究方向的展望，以减轻水砂溃涌对社会和环境造成的不利影响。

Abstract: With the continuous increase in infrastructure construction and the expansion of human spatial activities in China, potential engineering problems are increasingly prominent, and the geological disasters faced are becoming more and more complex. Water and sand inrush in water-bearing sandstone formations is one of the most serious disasters. In energy exploitation and underground engineering construction, it often leads to the inrush of water-sand mixtures into the working face, causing water and sand inrush accidents. The occurrence of such accidents seriously affects the normal production process and severely threatens the safety of workers and production equipment. Although the disaster mechanism and prediction mechanism of water and sand inrush have been studied, the type and scale of the disaster cannot be accurately and quantitatively predicted at present. The prevention and control of water and sand inrush is of great significance for protecting the lives and production safety of workers. This article discusses some theories and mechanisms of water and sand inrush, and provides some feasible disaster prediction, solutions, and prospects for future research directions, in order to mitigate the adverse impact of water and sand inrush on society and the environment.