成都双流机场暴雨天气分型及特征分析

Classification and Characteristics of Rainstorm Weather in Chengdu Shuangliu Airport

摘要: 利用2011~2020年常规气象观测资料、双流机场地面观测资料、NCEP 1˚ × 1˚逐6小时再分析资料等，根据四川省的暴雨预报经验与方法，对成都双流机场18次暴雨过程进行天气学分型，分析物理量场等特征。结果表明：1) 双流机场暴雨天气主要可分为5类：切变低涡型、冷锋切变型、西部阻塞型、两高切变型和南风型暴雨。低涡切变型暴雨出现次数最多，南风型出现最少。2) 切变低涡型和冷锋切变型暴雨，整层配置和各个物理量指标配合较好；西部阻塞型暴雨，前期我国东南沿海均有台风活动，台风阻挡作用及副高西侧水汽输送对四川盆地位势不稳定有增强作用，地面辐合线和低层风速辐合为暴雨提供触发机制。两高切变型暴雨较其它四类暴雨，水汽条件和热力条件相对较差，但整层的动力抬升条件较好。南风型暴雨的影响系统不明显，但湿层深厚，饱和湿层的厚度可达500 hPa，地面辐合线是触发南风型暴雨不稳定能量释放的重要条件之一。

Abstract: Based on the routine meteorological observation data from 2011 to 2020, The ground observation data of Shuangliu Airport, and the NCEP 1˚ × 1˚ 6-hour reanalysis data, according to the methods of rainstorm forecasting in Sichuan Province, the weather classification of 18 rainstorms in Chengdu Shuangliu Airport was carried out, and the characteristics of physical were analyzed. The results show that: 1) The rainstorm weather at Shuangliu Airport can be divided into five categories: shear low vortex type, cold front shear type, western blocking type, two high shear type and southerly wind type rainstorm. The occurrence of low-vortex shear rainstorms was the highest, and the occurrence of southerly winds was the least. 2) Shear low vortex and cold front shear rainstorms, the whole layer configuration and various physical quantity indexes are well coordinated. The typhoon blocking effect and water vapor transport on the west side of the subtropical high have enhanced the geopotential instability of the Sichuan Basin, and the surface convergence line and low-level wind speed convergence provide a trigger mechanism for the heavy rainfall. Compared with other types of rainstorms, the water vapor and thermal conditions of the two high-shear rainstorms are relatively poor, but the dynamic uplift conditions of the whole layer are better. The influence system of southerly rainstorm is not obvious, but the wet layer is deep, and the thickness of the saturated wet layer can reach 500 hPa, and the surface convergence line is one of the important conditions for triggering the unstable energy release of southerly rainstorm.