铜仁市万山区乡镇暴雨时空特征分析

Analysis on the Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Rainstorm in Towns and Villages in Wanshan District, Tongren City

摘要: 文章利用万山区国家气象观测站1978~2023年(45a)和万山区8个乡镇(街道)区域自动气象站2013~2023年(11a)的日、月、年降水量资料，统计分析万山区乡镇暴雨时空特征。分析结果显示：近11a万山区中部万山镇、北部谢桥街道、茶店街道和西部鱼塘乡、大坪乡年降水量较多，东部敖寨乡、下溪乡、黄道乡和南部的高楼坪乡年降水量较少，年平均降水量最多为万山镇，最少为高楼坪乡；近11a万山区暴雨在南部、西部及北部出现的次数较多，其中鱼塘乡、万山镇41次为最多，东部敖寨乡18次为最少；万山区4~9月暴雨日数占全年的94.7%，其中7~9月后汛期暴雨日数占全年的50.6%，4~6月前汛期暴雨日数占全年的44.1%；万山区月大暴雨日数7月最多，出现乡镇为谢桥街道最多，高楼坪乡和黄道乡最少；万山区极端降水均为大暴雨及以上级别，最大的为鱼塘乡289.1 mm和敖寨乡257.1 mm，为特大暴雨级别。

Abstract: This paper utilizes the daily, monthly and annual precipitation data of the National Meteorological Observatory in Wanshan District from 1978 to 2023 (45 years) and the regional automatic meteorological stations in 8 townships (streets) of Wanshan District from 2013 to 2023 (11 years) to conduct a statistical analysis on the spatio-temporal characteristics of rainstorms in the townships of Wanshan District. The analysis results show that in the past 11 years, Wanshan Town in the central part of Wanshan District, Xieqiao Street and Chadian Street in the north, and Yutang Township and Daping Township in the west had relatively more annual precipitation, while Aozhai Township in the east, Xiaxi Township, Huangdao Township and Gaolouping Township in the south had relatively less annual precipitation. Wanshan Town had the highest annual average precipitation, and Gaolouping Township had the lowest. In the past 11 years, rainstorms occurred more frequently in the southern, western and northern parts of Wanshan District. Among them, Yutang Township and Wanshan Town had the most occurrences with 41 times, while Aozhai Township in the east had the least with 18 times. The number of rainstorm days in Wanshan District from April to September accounted for 94.7% of the whole year, among which the number of rainstorm days in the post-flood season from July to September accounted for 50.6% of the whole year, and the number of rainstorm days in the pre-flood season from April to June accounted for 44.1% of the whole year. The number of days with heavy rainstorms in Wanshan District was the highest in July. Xieqiao Street had the most occurrences among the townships, while Gaolouping Township and Huangdao Township had the least. The extreme precipitation in Wanshan District was all at the level of heavy rainstorms or above. The largest ones were 289.1 mm in Yutang Township and 257.1 mm in Aozhai Township, which were at the level of extraordinary rainstorms.