湘西地区孕妇对流感和其疫苗的认知、接种行为及影响因素的调查

A Survey on the Cognition, Vaccination Behaviors, and Influencing Factors of Pregnant Women towards Influenza and Its Vaccine in Western Hunan Region

摘要: 目的：本研究了解湘西地区孕妇对流感和流感疫苗的知识和接种行为及其影响因素，为推广应用流感疫苗。方法：2023年9月~2023年12月，在湘西州人民医院和湘西州妇幼保健医院通过便利抽样，对采用结构化问卷，进行了横断面研究。问卷涉及孕妇人口统计学信息、孕妇对流感和流感疫苗的知识以及拒绝接种流感疫苗的原因。结果：共有396名湘西地区的孕妇参与了本次调查，其中358人(90%)年龄在35岁以下。大部分孕妇为少数民族，包括138人(35%)苗族和184人(46%)土家族。有248名(62.6%)孕妇不知道或认为流感不会对孕妇造成严重并发症，仅有6.6% (n = 26)的参与者认为可以接受孕期接种流感疫苗。7.1% (n = 28)的参与者知道孕妇可以接种流感疫苗。5.5% (n = 22)的参与者表示曾经有医务人员推荐过接种流感疫苗。如果疫苗免费，48.5% (n = 192)的参与者表示愿意在孕期接种疫苗。参与者最常用于拒绝接种疫苗的理由是“我担心流感疫苗对胎儿的安全性”和“我担心流感疫苗对我自己的安全性”(分别为65.8%和59.2%)。流感疫苗接种的意愿与妊娠并发症(OR = 4.478; 95% CI: 2.233~8.978)，不良妊娠史(OR = 2.379; 95% CI: 1.223~4.628)、感知流感疫苗被推荐给孕妇(OR=1.598; 95% CI: 1.151~2.217)呈正相关。结论：湘西地区孕妇对流感和流感疫苗的了解较差，接种流感疫苗意愿低。接种流感疫苗意愿的影响因素有：不良孕产史；孕期并发症；对流感和流感疫苗的认知。最常见拒绝接种流感疫苗的原因是：孕妇担心流感疫苗对胎儿和母亲的安全性。

Abstract: Objective: This study aims to understand the knowledge and vaccination behavior of pregnant women in Xiangxi region about influenza and influenza vaccine and their influencing factors, in order to promote the use of influenza vaccine. Methods: From September to December 2023, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Xiangxi People’s Hospital and Xiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital by convenience sampling using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire involved the demographic information of pregnant women, their knowledge of influenza and influenza vaccine, and the reasons for refusing influenza vaccination. Results: A total of 396 pregnant women in Xiangxi region participated in the survey, of which 358 (90%) were under 35 years old. Most of the pregnant women were ethnic minorities, including 138 (35%) Miao and 184 (46%) Tujia. 248 (62.6%) pregnant women did not know or believed that influenza would not cause serious complications to pregnant women, and only 6.6% (n = 26) of the participants believed that influenza vaccination during pregnancy was acceptable. 7.1% (n = 28) of the participants knew that pregnant women could get influenza vaccine. 5.5% (n = 22) of the participants said that medical staff had recommended influenza vaccination. If the vaccine was free, 48.5% (n = 192) of the participants were willing to be vaccinated during pregnancy. The most common reasons given by participants for refusing vaccination were “I am concerned about the safety of the influenza vaccine for the fetus” and “I am concerned about the safety of the influenza vaccine for myself” (65.8% and 59.2%, respectively). Willingness to receive influenza vaccination was positively correlated with pregnancy complications (OR = 4.478; 95% CI: 2.233~8.978), adverse pregnancy history (OR = 2.379; 95% CI: 1.223~4.628), and the perception that influenza vaccination was recommended to pregnant women (OR=1.598; 95% CI:1.151~2.217). Conclusion: Pregnant women in Xiangxi have poor knowledge of influenza and influenza vaccines and are less willing to receive influenza vaccination. Factors influencing the willingness to receive the flu vaccine include adverse pregnancy and delivery history, complications during pregnancy, and knowledge of flu and flu vaccines. The most common reason for refusing the flu vaccine is that pregnant women are concerned about the safety of the flu vaccine for the fetus and mother.