蒙台梭利教育法有效性评估研究综述

A Review of Research on Evaluating the Effectiveness of Montessori Pedagogy

摘要: 蒙台梭利教育法的核心是儿童、教师和环境这三者之间的动态关系，所以，考虑“学习材料”和“教师如何利用准备好的环境去促进儿童自主使用这些材料”这两个重要方面是理解蒙台梭利教学法的一种方法。蒙台梭利教育的目标是让儿童在智力、体能、情感和社交等方面得到最佳发展，由于当今的教育体制更注重的是学业成绩，如识字能力和数学成绩，所以用来衡量教育效果的标准并不一定是蒙台梭利认为在教育中最重要的标准。所以，我们并不清楚儿童从蒙台梭利教育中获得的益处是否比从非蒙台梭利教育中获得的益处更多。尽管蒙台梭利教育已经存在了100多年，但评价蒙台梭利教育有效性的评估却为数不多，而且在方法上也有许多局限性。因此，有必要对评估蒙台梭利教学法有效性的研究进行回顾，以实现激励未来研究和帮助教师更好地理解蒙台梭利教育是否有效以及为什么有效的双重愿望。本文将在确定蒙特台利教育方法关键要素的基础上，回顾蒙台梭利教育的现有评估。

Abstract: The Montessori pedagogy centers on the dynamic relationship between the child, the teacher, and the environment, so considering the two important aspects of “learning materials” and “how the teacher utilizes the prepared environment to facilitate the child’s autonomous use of these materials” is an important part of understanding the Montessori pedagogy. Therefore, considering the two important aspects of “learning materials” and “how the teacher facilitates the children’s autonomous use of these materials in a prepared environment” is a way of understanding the Montessori method. The goal of a Montessori education is the optimal development of the child intellectually, physically, emotionally, and socially, and because today’s educational system is more focused on academic achievement, such as literacy and math, the criteria used to measure the effectiveness of an education are not necessarily those that Montessori considered to be the most important in education. Therefore, it is not clear that children benefit more from a Montessori education than from a non-Montessori education. Despite the fact that Montessori education has been in existence for more than 100 years, there are few assessments evaluating the effectiveness of Montessori education and there are many methodological limitations. Therefore, a review of research evaluating the effectiveness of Montessori pedagogy is necessary to fulfill the dual desire to stimulate future research and to help teachers better understand if and why Montessori education works. This paper will review existing assessments of Montessori education based on identifying key elements of the Montessori pedagogy.