二维铋烯光子学性能研究
Research on the Photonic Properties of Two-Dimensional Bismuthene
摘要: 自2016年被发现以来，铋烯作为一种新兴的二维材料，因其独特光学和电子特性而迅速受到研究者欢迎。理论和实验研究都证实了其卓越的半导体性能，包括可调的带隙、高载流子迁移率和优越的半导体性光响应，在许多领域具有实际应用前景。近年来越来越多的相关工作报道了半导体铋烯与光子的相互作用在纳米光子应用中具有重要潜力。本文综述了二维铋烯的可控制备、能带结构以及拉曼性质，并综述了铋烯的最新光子学应用研究进展，包括光电探测器、光调制器、光传感器、肿瘤治疗和光催化。最后，本文从制备方法和实际应用的角度出发对铋烯做出了总结和展望。
Abstract: Since its discovery in 2016, Bismuthene as an emerging two-dimensional material has drawn extensive interest due to its unique optical and electronic properties. Both theoretical and experimental studies have demonstrated its excellent semiconducting properties, including adjustable band gap, high carrier mobility and superior semiconductive photoresponse, which holds great practical prospects in many fields. In recent years, many researches have focused on the interaction between semiconducting Bismuthene and photons that play an important role in nanophotonic applications. In this review, the controllable preparation, band structure and Raman properties of two-dimensional Bismuthene are briefly reviewed, and the latest advances in photonics applications (e.g., photodetectors, optical modulators, optical sensors, cancer therapy and photocatalysis) of Bismuthene are discussed. Finally, the summary and perspectives of the Bismuthene are presented from the point of view of preparation strategy and practical applications.
文章引用：蒲俊梅, 王梦可, 訾由, 黄卫春. 二维铋烯光子学性能研究[J]. 物理化学进展, 2024, 13(4): 727-740. https://doi.org/10.12677/japc.2024.134073

参考文献

[1] Zhou, W., Chen, J., Bai, P., Guo, S., Zhang, S., Song, X., et al. (2019) Two-Dimensional Pnictogen for Field-Effect Transistors. Research, 2019, Article ID: 1046329. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[2] Ersan, F., Kecik, D., Özçelik, V.O., Kadioglu, Y., Aktürk, O.Ü., Durgun, E., et al. (2019) Two-Dimensional Pnictogens: A Review of Recent Progresses and Future Research Directions. Applied Physics Reviews, 6, Article 021308. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[3] Dhanabalan, S.C., Ponraj, J.S., Guo, Z., Li, S., Bao, Q. and Zhang, H. (2017) Emerging Trends in Phosphorene Fabrication Towards Next Generation Devices. Advanced Science, 4, Article 1600305. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[4] Kou, L., Chen, C. and Smith, S.C. (2015) Phosphorene: Fabrication, Properties, and Applications. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 6, 2794-2805. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[5] Akhtar, M., Anderson, G., Zhao, R., Alruqi, A., Mroczkowska, J.E., Sumanasekera, G., et al. (2017) Recent Advances in Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Phosphorene. npj 2D Materials and Applications, 1, Article No. 5. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[6] Ares, P., Palacios, J.J., Abellán, G., Gómez‐Herrero, J. and Zamora, F. (2017) Recent Progress on Antimonene: A New Bidimensional Material. Advanced Materials, 30, Article 1703771. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[7] Wu, M., Xu, B., Zhang, Y., Qi, S., Ni, W., Hu, J., et al. (2020) Perspectives in Emerging Bismuth Electrochemistry. Chemical Engineering Journal, 381, Article 122558. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[8] Liu, X., Zhang, S., Guo, S., Cai, B., Yang, S.A., Shan, F., et al. (2020) Advances of 2D Bismuth in Energy Sciences. Chemical Society Reviews, 49, 263-285. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[9] Kim, J., Shim, W. and Lee, W. (2015) Bismuth Nanowire Thermoelectrics. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 3, 11999-12013. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[10] Shahbazi, M., Faghfouri, L., Ferreira, M.P.A., Figueiredo, P., Maleki, H., Sefat, F., et al. (2020) The Versatile Biomedical Applications of Bismuth-Based Nanoparticles and Composites: Therapeutic, Diagnostic, Biosensing, and Regenerative Properties. Chemical Society Reviews, 49, 1253-1321. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[11] Luo, M., Fan, T., Zhou, Y., Zhang, H. and Mei, L. (2019) 2D Black Phosphorus-Based Biomedical Applications. Advanced Functional Materials, 29, Article 1808306. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[12] Ozer, M.S., Eroglu, Z., Yalin, A.S., Kılıç, M., Rothlisberger, U. and Metin, O. (2022) Bismuthene as a Versatile Photocatalyst Operating under Variable Conditions for the Photoredox C-H Bond Functionalization. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 304, Article 120957. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[13] Shen, C., Cheng, T., Liu, C., Huang, L., Cao, M., Song, G., et al. (2020) Bismuthene from Sonoelectrochemistry as a Superior Anode for Potassium-Ion Batteries. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 8, 453-460. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[14] Zhou, J., Chen, J., Chen, M., Wang, J., Liu, X., Wei, B., et al. (2019) Few‐Layer Bismuthene with Anisotropic Expansion for High‐Areal‐Capacity Sodium‐Ion Batteries. Advanced Materials, 31, Article 1807874. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[15] Zhang, Q., Mao, J., Pang, W.K., Zheng, T., Sencadas, V., Chen, Y., et al. (2018) Boosting the Potassium Storage Performance of Alloy‐Based Anode Materials via Electrolyte Salt Chemistry. Advanced Energy Materials, 8, Article 1703288. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[16] Karaei Shiraz, A. and Yazdanpanah Goharrizi, A. (2019) Optical Properties of Buckled Bismuthene. Physica Status Solidi (b), 257, Article 1900408. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[17] Huang, W., Zhu, J., Wang, M., Hu, L., Tang, Y., Shu, Y., et al. (2020) Emerging Mono‐Elemental Bismuth Nanostructures: Controlled Synthesis and Their Versatile Applications. Advanced Functional Materials, 31, Article 2007584. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[18] Xing, C., Chen, X., Huang, W., Song, Y., Li, J., Chen, S., et al. (2018) Two-Dimensional Lead Monoxide: Facile Liquid Phase Exfoliation, Excellent Photoresponse Performance, and Theoretical Investigation. ACS Photonics, 5, 5055-5067. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[19] Yang, Z., Wu, Z., Lyu, Y. and Hao, J. (2019) Centimeter‐Scale Growth of Two‐Dimensional Layered High‐Mobility Bismuth Films by Pulsed Laser Deposition. InfoMat, 1, 98-107. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[20] Huang, H., Ren, X., Li, Z., Wang, H., Huang, Z., Qiao, H., et al. (2018) Two-Dimensional Bismuth Nanosheets as Prospective Photo-Detector with Tunable Optoelectronic Performance. Nanotechnology, 29, Article 235201. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[21] Aktürk, E., Aktürk, O.Ü. and Ciraci, S. (2016) Single and Bilayer Bismuthene: Stability at High Temperature and Mechanical and Electronic Properties. Physical Review B, 94, Article 014115. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[22] Pei, H., Wei, Y., Guo, X. and Wang, B. (2019) Raman Scattering Spectra of Bismuthene: A First-Principles Prediction. Optik, 180, 967-972. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[23] Wang, W., Liu, M., Yang, Z., Mai, W. and Gong, J. (2012) Synthesis and Raman Optical Properties of Single-Crystalline Bi Nanowires. Physica E: Low-Dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, 44, 1142-1145. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[24] Graf, D., Molitor, F., Ensslin, K., Stampfer, C., Jungen, A., Hierold, C., et al. (2007) Spatially Resolved Raman Spectroscopy of Single-and Few-Layer Graphene. Nano Letters, 7, 238-242. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[25] Tan, P.H., Han, W.P., Zhao, W.J., Wu, Z.H., Chang, K., Wang, H., et al. (2012) The Shear Mode of Multilayer Graphene. Nature Materials, 11, 294-300. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[26] Zhang, X., Han, W.P., Wu, J.B., Milana, S., Lu, Y., Li, Q.Q., et al. (2013) Raman Spectroscopy of Shear and Layer Breathing Modes in Multilayer MoS2. Physical Review B, 87, Article 115413. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[27] Zhao, Y., Luo, X., Li, H., Zhang, J., Araujo, P.T., Gan, C.K., et al. (2013) Interlayer Breathing and Shear Modes in Few-Trilayer MoS2 and WsE2. Nano Letters, 13, 1007-1015. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[28] Zhao, Y., Luo, X., Zhang, J., Wu, J., Bai, X., Wang, M., et al. (2014) Interlayer Vibrational Modes in Few-Quintuple-Layer Bi2Te3 and Bi2Se3 Two-Dimensional Crystals: Raman Spectroscopy and First-Principles Studies. Physical Review B, 90, Article 245428. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[29] Lu, D., Luo, S., Liu, S., Yao, H., Ren, X., Zhou, W., et al. (2018) Anomalous Temperature-Dependent Raman Scattering of Vapor-Deposited Two-Dimensional Bi Thin Films. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 122, 24459-24466. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[30] Li, H. and Yang, Z. (2023) Recent Progress in Synthesis and Photonic Applications of Two-Dimensional Bismuthene. Applied Sciences, 13, 6885. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[31] Ersan, F., Aktürk, E. and Ciraci, S. (2016) Stable Single-Layer Structure of Group-V Elements. Physical Review B, 94, Article 245417. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[32] Guo, Y., Pan, F., Ye, M., Sun, X., Wang, Y., Li, J., et al. (2017) Monolayer Bismuthene-Metal Contacts: A Theoretical Study. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 9, 23128-23140. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[33] Kong, D. and Cui, Y. (2011) Opportunities in Chemistry and Materials Science for Topological Insulators and Their Nanostructures. Nature Chemistry, 3, 845-849. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[34] Ma, Y., Dai, Y., Kou, L., Frauenheim, T. and Heine, T. (2015) Robust Two-Dimensional Topological Insulators in Methyl-Functionalized Bismuth, Antimony, and Lead Bilayer Films. Nano Letters, 15, 1083-1089. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[35] Kim, K.S., Zhao, Y., Jang, H., Lee, S.Y., Kim, J.M., Kim, K.S., et al. (2009) Large-Scale Pattern Growth of Graphene Films for Stretchable Transparent Electrodes. Nature, 457, 706-710. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[36] Jeon, J., Jang, S.K., Jeon, S.M., Yoo, G., Jang, Y.H., Park, J., et al. (2015) Layer-Controlled CVD Growth of Large-Area Two-Dimensional MoS2 Films. Nanoscale, 7, 1688-1695. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[37] Yang, Z., Hao, J., Yuan, S., Lin, S., Yau, H.M., Dai, J., et al. (2015) Field‐Effect Transistors Based on Amorphous Black Phosphorus Ultrathin Films by Pulsed Laser Deposition. Advanced Materials, 27, 3748-3754. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[38] Tao, L., Cinquanta, E., Chiappe, D., Grazianetti, C., Fanciulli, M., Dubey, M., et al. (2015) Silicene Field-Effect Transistors Operating at Room Temperature. Nature Nanotechnology, 10, 227-231. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[39] Ren, X., Li, Z., Huang, Z., Sang, D., Qiao, H., Qi, X., et al. (2017) Environmentally Robust Black Phosphorus Nanosheets in Solution: Application for Self‐Powered Photodetector. Advanced Functional Materials, 27, Article 1606834. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[40] 黄卫春, 訾由, 王梦可, 等. 黑磷半导体光物理及应用研究进展[J]. 深圳大学学报(理工版), 2024, 41(3): 323-347.
[41] Xie, Z., Xing, C., Huang, W., Fan, T., Li, Z., Zhao, J., et al. (2018) Ultrathin 2D Nonlayered Tellurium Nanosheets: Facile Liquid‐Phase Exfoliation, Characterization, and Photoresponse with High Performance and Enhanced Stability. Advanced Functional Materials, 28, Article 1705833. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[42] Fan, T., Xie, Z., Huang, W., Li, Z. and Zhang, H. (2019) Two-Dimensional Non-Layered Selenium Nanoflakes: Facile Fabrications and Applications for Self-Powered Photo-Detector. Nanotechnology, 30, Article 114002. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[43] Huang, W., Xie, Z., Fan, T., Li, J., Wang, Y., Wu, L., et al. (2018) Black-Phosphorus-Analogue Tin Monosulfide: An Emerging Optoelectronic Two-Dimensional Material for High-Performance Photodetection with Improved Stability under Ambient/Harsh Conditions. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 6, 9582-9593. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[44] Xing, C., Huang, W., Xie, Z., Zhao, J., Ma, D., Fan, T., et al. (2017) Ultrasmall Bismuth Quantum Dots: Facile Liquid-Phase Exfoliation, Characterization, and Application in High-Performance UV-vis Photodetector. ACS Photonics, 5, 621-629. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[45] Jiang, X., Huang, W., Wang, R., Li, H., Xia, X., Zhao, X., et al. (2020) Photocarrier Relaxation Pathways in Selenium Quantum Dots and Their Application in Uv-Vis Photodetection. Nanoscale, 12, 11232-11241. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[46] Jafari, M., Ansari, R. and Rouhi, S. (2020) First-Principle Investigation of the Elastic and Plastic Properties of the Bismuthene: Effect of the External Electric Field. Superlattices and Microstructures, 140, Article 106476. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[47] Li, H., Xu, P., Xu, L., Zhang, Z. and Lu, J. (2019) Negative Capacitance Tunneling Field Effect Transistors Based on Monolayer Arsenene, Antimonene, and Bismuthene. Semiconductor Science and Technology, 34, Article 085006. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[48] Yang, Q., Liu, R., Huang, C., Huang, Y., Gao, L., Sun, B., et al. (2018) 2D Bismuthene Fabricated via Acid-Intercalated Exfoliation Showing Strong Nonlinear Near-Infrared Responses for Mode-Locking Lasers. Nanoscale, 10, 21106-21115. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[49] Guo, P., Li, X., Feng, T., Zhang, Y. and Xu, W. (2020) Few-Layer Bismuthene for Coexistence of Harmonic and Dual Wavelength in a Mode-Locked Fiber Laser. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 12, 31757-31763. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[50] Zhang, L., Gong, T., Yu, Z., Dai, H., Yang, Z., Chen, G., et al. (2020) Recent Advances in Hybridization, Doping, and Functionalization of 2D Xenes. Advanced Functional Materials, 31, Article 2005471. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[51] Lu, L., Liang, Z., Wu, L., Chen, Y., Song, Y., Dhanabalan, S.C., et al. (2017) Few‐Layer Bismuthene: Sonochemical Exfoliation, Nonlinear Optics and Applications for Ultrafast Photonics with Enhanced Stability. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 12, Article 1700221. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[52] Durbin, S.D., Arakelian, S.M. and Shen, Y.R. (1981) Laser-Induced Diffraction Rings from a Nematic-Liquid-Crystal Film. Optics Letters, 6, 411-413. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[53] Xue, T., Bongu, S.R., Huang, H., Liang, W., Wang, Y., Zhang, F., et al. (2020) Ultrasensitive Detection of MicroRNA Using a Bismuthene-Enabled Fluorescence Quenching Biosensor. Chemical Communications, 56, 7041-7044. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[54] Yu, S., Zhang, L., Zhu, L., Gao, Y., Fan, G., Han, D., et al. (2019) Bismuth-Containing Semiconductors for Photoelectrochemical Sensing and Biosensing. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 393, 9-20. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[55] Wang, M., Hu, Y., Zi, Y. and Huang, W. (2022) Functionalized Hybridization of Bismuth Nanostructures for Highly Improved Nanophotonics. APL Materials, 10, Article 050901. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[56] Brown, A.L. and Goforth, A.M. (2012) pH-Dependent Synthesis and Stability of Aqueous, Elemental Bismuth Glyconanoparticle Colloids: Potentially Biocompatible X-Ray Contrast Agents. Chemistry of Materials, 24, 1599-1605. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[57] Yang, T., Wang, Y., Ke, H., Wang, Q., Lv, X., Wu, H., et al. (2016) Protein‐Nanoreactor‐Assisted Synthesis of Semiconductor Nanocrystals for Efficient Cancer Theranostics. Advanced Materials, 28, 5923-5930. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[58] Meng, Z., Wei, F., Wang, R., Xia, M., Chen, Z., Wang, H., et al. (2015) NIR‐Laser‐Switched in Vivo Smart Nanocapsules for Synergic Photothermal and Chemotherapy of Tumors. Advanced Materials, 28, 245-253. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[59] Wang, S., Li, X., Chen, Y., Cai, X., Yao, H., Gao, W., et al. (2015) A Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of a Two‐Dimensional MoS2/Bi2S3 Composite Theranostic Nanosystem for Multi‐Modality Tumor Imaging and Therapy. Advanced Materials, 27, 2775-2782. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[60] Li, Z., Liu, J., Hu, Y., Li, Z., Fan, X., Sun, Y., et al. (2017) Biocompatible Pegylated Bismuth Nanocrystals: “All-in-One” Theranostic Agent with Triple-Modal Imaging and Efficient in vivo Photothermal Ablation of Tumors. Biomaterials, 141, 284-295. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[61] Alqathami, M., Blencowe, A., Yeo, U.J., Franich, R., Doran, S., Qiao, G., et al. (2013) Enhancement of Radiation Effects by Bismuth Oxide Nanoparticles for Kilovoltage X-Ray Beams: A Dosimetric Study Using a Novel Multi-Compartment 3D Radiochromic Dosimeter. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 444, Article 012025. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[62] Zhang, X., Chen, J., Luo, Z., Wu, D., Shen, X., Song, S., et al. (2013) Enhanced Tumor Accumulation of Sub‐2 nm Gold Nanoclusters for Cancer Radiation Therapy. Advanced Healthcare Materials, 3, 133-141. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[63] Walker, E.S., Na, S.R., Jung, D., March, S.D., Kim, J., Trivedi, T., et al. (2016) Large-Area Dry Transfer of Single-Crystalline Epitaxial Bismuth Thin Films. Nano Letters, 16, 6931-6938. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[64] Beladi‐Mousavi, S.M., Ying, Y., Plutnar, J. and Pumera, M. (2020) Bismuthene Metallurgy: Transformation of Bismuth Particles to Ultrahigh‐Aspect‐Ratio 2D Microsheets. Small, 16, Article 2002037. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[65] Zhang, J., Ye, S., Sun, Y., Zhou, F., Song, J. and Qu, J. (2020) Soft-Template Assisted Synthesis of Hexagonal Antimonene and Bismuthene in Colloidal Solutions. Nanoscale, 12, 20945-20951. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[66] Chen, F., Ma, T., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y. and Huang, H. (2021) Atomic‐Level Charge Separation Strategies in Semiconductor‐Based Photocatalysts. Advanced Materials, 33, 2005256. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[67] Han, C., Li, Y., Li, J., Qi, M., Tang, Z. and Xu, Y. (2021) Cooperative Syngas Production and C-N Bond Formation in One Photoredox Cycle. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 60, 7962-7970. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]