仪式文艺视域下赣南采茶戏的保护与传承研究

Research on the Protection and Inheritance of Gannan Tea-Picking Opera from the Perspective of Ritual Arts

摘要: 赣南采茶戏是一种形成于明末清初，以九龙茶灯为基础，结合戏曲、舞蹈、武术等艺术形式，以描绘农村生活状况为主题的传统戏曲剧种。伴随着历史的演进，赣南采茶戏逐渐成为一种拥有固定演出场所，兼具娱人和乐神两项功能，并嵌入于客家和畲族先民日常生活和民间信俗中的民间文艺形式。但受现代性的影响，赣南采茶戏的保护与传承也受到了限制。由此，以仪式文艺为研究视角，选取赣州市古龙岗镇为田野调查点，运用家庭民俗学方法，分析赣南采茶戏的仪式符号及其在当代面临的困境后，可以了解到其所包含的记人名仪式、布戏台仪式以及开台仪式、赣南采茶戏“三绝”等几种仪式符号还发挥着记忆、储存客家和畲族人文历史信息的作用，而赣南采茶戏的保护和传承关键依靠的是回归本土，回归“人”本身。

Abstract: Gannan Tea-picking Opera is a traditional opera genre that originated in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Based on the Jiulong-tea-lamp, it combines elements of opera, dance, and martial arts, with a focus on depicting rural life. Over time, Gannan Tea-picking Opera has evolved into a folk art form with fixed performance venues, serving both entertainment and divine worship purposes, embedded in the daily lives and folk beliefs of Hakka and She ethnic ancestors. However, modern influences have restricted its protection and transmission. By analyzing Gannan Tea-picking Opera through the lens of ritual arts and conducting fieldwork in Gulonggang Town, Ganzhou City, using family folklore methods, we can understand how ritual symbols such as the naming ceremony, stage setup ceremony, opening ceremony, and the “Three Wonders” of Gannan Tea-picking Opera play a role in preserving Hakka and She cultural history. The key to protecting and inheriting Gannan Tea-picking Opera lies in returning to its local roots and focusing on the people themselves.